Streptomycin

Manufactured by Atlanta Biologicals

Sourced in United States, Gabon

Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a product of the bacterium Streptomyces griseus and functions as an inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

Penicillin/streptomycin (30 citations) Penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic mixture (3 citations) Penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) (2 citations)

34 protocols using streptomycin

Transfection of ccRCC cell lines

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The 786-O and UOK-117 ccRCC cells were obtained from RIKEN BioResource Center (Ibaraki, Japan). Cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Atlanta Biologicals, Lawrenceville, GA, USA), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin at 37°C with 5% CO₂. HK-2 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were cultured as a monolayer in Keratinocyte Serum Free Medium (K-SFM) supplemented with 0.05 mg/ml bovine pituitary extract, 5 ng/ml human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF; Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 mg/ml penicillin and 50 mg/ml streptomycin (all from Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.).
The miRNA inhibitors 2′-O-methyl antisense oligonucleotide targeting miR-21 (anti-miR-21), the miRNA inhibitor negative control (anti-miR-C), the pre-miR-21, and the mimic positive control were purchased from Shanghai GenePharma Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
For transient transfection, a complex of Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen Life Technologies) and plasmids or RNA oligonucleotides was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and directly combined with cells in 24-well cell culture plates at a density of 3×10⁴ cells per well.

CAO J., LIU J., XU R., ZHU X., LIU L, & ZHAO X. (2015). MicroRNA-21 stimulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis in clear cell renal cells. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13(1), 75-82.

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Cell Culture Protocols for Cancer Research

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Macrophage 264.7, HT-29 and Colon 26 cells were cultured to confluency in 75-cm² flasks at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5 % CO₂. HT-29 Cell were cultured in McCoy’s 5A medium, Macrophage 264.7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), and Colon 26 cells were culture in RPMI 1640 medium (Life Technologies, NY, USA). All these cases were supplemented with penicillin (100 U/ml), streptomycin (100 U/ml), and heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (10 %) (Atlanta Biologicals, GA, USA). All these cell lines were obtained directly from ATCC (2009–2013) where they were tested and authenticated via morphology, and PCR to rule out interspecies and intraspecies contamination.

Zhang M., Xu C., Wen L., Han M.K., Xiao B., Zhou J., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Viennois E, & Merlin D. (2016). A hyaluronidase responsive nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for targeting colon cancer cells. Cancer research, 76(24), 7208-7218.

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Neuronal Culture Reagents and Protocols

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Trypsin, penicillin, streptomycin, heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, horse serum, and soybean Trypsin inhibitor were obtained from Atlanta Biologicals (Norcross, GA, USA). Minimum essential medium (MEM), deoxyribonuclease (DNase), poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine hydrobromide, cytosine arabinoside, NMDA, protease inhibitor cocktail, MK-801, and ifenprodil were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pluronic acid and Fluo-3 AM were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). TCN-201, IPA-3, and NSC23766 were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Pierce ECL kits (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA), Neurobasal, and B-27 supplements were purchased from Invitrogen Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA); the p-PAK1 antibody (Thr 212) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA); and the PAK1 antibody anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked antibody from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Brevetoxin-2 (PbTx-2) was isolated and purified from Karinia breve cultures at the Center for Marine Sciences at the University of North Carolina (Wilmington, NC, USA). QNZ-46 was a gift from SF Traynelis, Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. The GluN2D subtype of NMDA receptor knockout mice was obtained from Daniel T. Monaghan, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.

Mehrotra S., Pierce M.L., Dravid S.M, & Murray T.F. (2022). Stimulation of Neurite Outgrowth in Cerebrocortical Neurons by Sodium Channel Activator Brevetoxin-2 Requires Both N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor 2B (GluN2B) and p21 Protein (Cdc42/Rac)-Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1). Marine Drugs, 20(9), 559.

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RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cell Culture and Reagents

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RAW 264.7 macrophages were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC TIB-71, Manassas, VA; Lots 70000171, 70012232 with cell identity confirmed by ATCC via growth properties, morphology, and COI assay). Cell media (supplemented DMEM) was composed of DMEM obtained from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA), fetal bovine serum (FBS, contains ~400 μM BSA as specified by manufacturer) from Millipore-Sigma (St. Louis, MO), penicillin, streptomycin and GlutaminePlus (L-alanyl-L-glutamine) from Atlanta Biologicals (Flowery Branch, GA). Dulbelcco's phosphate buffered saline (D-PBS) was from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD). All cell media was regularly subjected to mycoplasma testing to ensure lack of infection. Matriplate 96 well imaging plates were from Matrical, Inc. (Spokane, WA). Acetylsalicylic acid (Lot SLBV2290), ibuprofen (Lot SLBX6584), acetaminophen (Lot SLBR2060V), diclofenac (Lot BCBS5961V), wortmannin (Lot 086M4026V), PDGF (Lot SLB63548V), and HEPES (free acid) were obtained from Millipore-Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Gö6976 (Lot 6A/174381) was purchased from Tocris Biosciences (Minneapolis, MN). CellMask Deep Red and Green membrane stains were purchased from ThermoFischer Scientific (Waltham, MA). Cell-culture grade DMSO was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA). AKT-PH-mRFP mammalian expression plasmid was subcloned by John H. Evans [26 (link), 30 (link)].

Buckles T.C., Ziemba B.P., Djukovic D, & Falke J.J. (2020). Rapid exposure of macrophages to drugs resolves four classes of effects on the leading edge sensory pseudopod: Non-perturbing, adaptive, disruptive, and activating. PLoS ONE, 15(5), e0233012.

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Establishment of Ependymal Cell Cultures

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Primary ependymal cell cultures were established as described previously (Delgehyr et al., 2015 (link); Guirao et al., 2010 (link)). Briefly, brains of postnatal day 0–3 transgenic Arl13B-EGFP^tgmice (Delling et al., 2013 (link)) or wild type mice were collected, telencephala dissected, the choroid plexus and meninges removed, the tissue enzymatically digested, cells mechanically dissociated, plated and grown to confluence. Confluent cell layers were trypsinized, and replated on poly-L-lysine coated coverslips at a density of 10⁷ cells/ml in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with high glucose, GlutaMAX supplement, and pyruvate (Life Technologies), 10% decomplemented fetal bovine serum (FBS, Atlanta Biologicals), and 100 units/ml penicillin/100 μg/ml streptomycin (Atlanta Biologicals), which was replaced by serum-free media the next day. Ependymal cells were cultured for up to two weeks.

Doerner J.F., Delling M, & Clapham D.E. (2015). Ion channels and calcium signaling in motile cilia. eLife, 4, e11066.

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Differentiation and Analysis of CD4+ T Cell Subsets

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At the peak of EAE disease, the mice were sacrificed and CD4⁺ T cells were purified from spleens by CD4⁺ T cell isolation kit (Miltenyi, Auburn, CA). The purified T cells (2.5 × 10⁶ cells/ml) were cultured in 96-well round-bottom microculture plates (Falcon Labware, Oxnard, CA) in RPMI-complete media containing RPMI 1640 (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD), 10% FBS, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin and penicillin (Atlanta Biologicals Norcross, GA), 1 mM glutamine, 1 mM nonessential amino acids, and 50 μΜ 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich).
For skewing of different CD4⁺ T cell subsets and their expansion, the isolated CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated with PLP_139–151 (5 μg/ml) with IL-2 (10ng/ml) for T_H0, IL-2 (10ng/ml), rhlL12p35 (10ng/ml), and anti-IL-4 (1μg/ml) for T_H1, or rmlL12/23p40 homodimer (10ng/ml), anti-IFN-γ 1(μg/ml), anti-IL-4 (1 μg/ml) for T_H17. All cytokines and antibodies were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Diego, CA). Following stimulation, the cells were harvested for adoptive transfer of EAE disease and the culture supernatants were collected for analysis of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 expression by ELISA (BioLegend Cat# 430802, 432505, and 431411; San Diego, CA).

Singh I., Nath N., Saxena N., Singh A.K, & Won J.S. (2018). Regulation of IL-10 and IL-17 mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by S-nitrosoglutathione. Immunobiology, 223(10), 549-554.

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Neuronal Cell Culture Reagents and Techniques

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Trypsin, penicillin, streptomycin, heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, horse serum and soybean Trypsin inhibitor were obtained from Atlanta Biologicals (Norcross, GA, USA). Minimum essential medium, deoxyribonuclease (DNase), poly-l-lysine, cytosine arabinoside, Hoechest-33342, (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801), 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione (NBQX), 2-[2-[4-(4-Nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]isothiourea mesylate (KBR-7943), nifedipine, fluorescein diacetate, propidium iodide, dichloromethane and polyvinylpyrrolidone were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was purchased from Tocris Cookson, Inc. (Ellisville, MO, USA). Anti-stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) antibody and anti-phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anthra[1-9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one (SP 600125), 4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl]-5-(4-pyridyl) 1H-imidazole (SB 203580), 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis (2-aminophenylthio) butadiene (U0126) and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-FMK) were from Biomol International (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA).

Cao Z., Li X., Zou X., Greenwood M., Gerwick W.H, & Murray T.F. (2015). Involvement of JNK and Caspase Activation in Hoiamide A-Induced Neurotoxicity in Neocortical Neurons. Marine Drugs, 13(2), 903-919.

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Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Balb/c Mice

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Balb/c mice weighing 20–25 g were infected with 130 cercariae of S. mansoni released from experimentally infected B. pfeifferi by the tail and leg immersion technique. After 49 days, adult worms were recovered from mice's mesenteric veins and liver by perfusion with a sterile saline solution (0.9% NaCl) [38 (link)]. Freshly harvested worms were washed three times in a Glasgow Minimum Essential Medium (GMEM) (Sigma, St Louis, USA) supplemented with an antibiotic-antimycotic solution (10,000 U/mL penicillin, 10,000 μg/mL streptomycin, and 25 μg/mL amphotericin B) (Atlanta Biologicals, Lawrenceville, USA) and gentamicin (40 μg/mL).
The bioassay followed the standard operating procedures that recommended at least five female and five male worms per well [39 (link)]. Therefore, 10 adult worms of both sexes were transferred to each well of a 24-well culture plate with 1900 μL of complete GMEM, pH 7.5 (GMEM with 20 mM of HEPES, 40 μg/mL gentamicin, 50 μg/mL penicillin, 50 μg/mL streptomycin, 100 μg/mL neomycin, 2 mM of L-glutamine, and 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum). The plates were then incubated for 2 hours at 37°C in a humid atmosphere of 5% CO₂ to allow acclimatization.

Tienga Nkondo E., Boukeng Jatsa H., Gipwe Feussom N., Kenfack M.C., Membe Femoe U., Tamdem Guetchueng S., Kopa Kowa T., Kamtchouing P, & Tchuem Tchuente L.A. (2022). In Vitro Cercaricidal and Schistosomicidal Activities of the Raffia Wine and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Pedilanthus tithymaloides Linn (Poit). Stem Barks. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022, 2672150.

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Cell Culture Techniques for Diverse Cell Lines

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Mouse IMCD3s were grown in DMEM/Ham’s F12 50/50 (cat. no. MT10092 CVRF, Invitrogen) mix with l-glutamine supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (cat. no. S11150, Atlanta Biologicals) and 100 U/ml penicillin/100 μg/ml streptomycin (cat. no. 15140122, Invitrogen) in a 37°C incubator with 5% CO₂. PC12 cells were cultured as previously described (Newell-Litwa et al., 2007 (link)). Hek293T cells seeded in 35-mm plates were infected with 3 μl of lentivirus containing the shRNA constructs described earlier. After 24 h of being infected cells were incubated for up to 6 d in culture media supplemented with 4 μg/ml puromycin for selection as described in (Zlatic et al., 2011 (link)). Hek293 cells were then transfected with lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) with 2 μg of DNA for 48 h.

Tower-Gilchrist C., Zlatic S.A., Yu D., Chang Q., Wu H., Lin X., Faundez V, & Chen P. (2019). Adaptor protein-3 complex is required for Vangl2 trafficking and planar cell polarity of the inner ear. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 30(18), 2422-2434.

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Murine Mammary Carcinoma Cell Lines

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Mouse Her2/neu⁺ mammary carcinoma (MMC) was obtained from Dr. Manjili ‘s group at Virginia Commonwealth University who established MMC cell lines from the spontaneous mammary tumor of Her2/neu transgenic FVBN202 mice (26 (link)). 4T1-luc murine mammary cancer cells were originally provided by Dr. Gary Sahagian at Tufts University (27 (link)) and maintained in high-glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (ATCC^® 30–2002™) (ATCC)-supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), non-essential amino acids, and antibiotics (100 units/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin) (three items above from Atlanta Biologicals).

Guo S., Smeltz R.B., Nanajian A, & Heller R. (2021). IL-15/IL-15Rα Heterodimeric Complex as Cancer Immunotherapy in Murine Breast Cancer Models. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 614667.

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