The surface morphology of the sample was observed by using JSM-7600F field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). CV, EIS, and Tafel polarization curves were conducted by using a computer-controlled electrochemical analyzer (CHI 660D, CH Instrument). The electrolyte used in the DSSC test was also injected into the symmetric dummy cells for both EIS and Tafel measurements. EIS was carried out under the simulating open-circuit conditions at ambient atmosphere, sealing with thermoplastic hot-melt Surlyn and leaving an exposed area of 0.64 cm2. The frequency of applied sinusoidal AC voltage signal was varied from 0.1 to 105 Hz, and the corresponding amplitude was kept at 5 mV in all cases. The photovoltaic test of DSSC with an exposed area of 0.4 × 0.7 cm2 was carried out by measuring photocurrent-photovoltage (J-V) character curve under white light irradiation of 100 mW·cm−2 (AM 1.5 G) from the solar simulator (XQ-500W, Shanghai Photoelectricity Device Company, China) in ambient atmosphere.
Chi 660d
Manufactured by CH Instruments
Sourced in United States, China
The CHI 660D is a potentiostat/galvanostat instrument designed for electrochemical analysis. It provides precise control and measurement of applied potential and current, enabling users to perform a variety of electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Lab products found in correlation
S 4800, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Alpha 300r, by WITec (1 mentions)
Jem 1230, by JEOL (1 mentions)
D8 discover, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Vega3, by TESCAN (1 mentions)
Safire microplate reader, by Tecan (1 mentions)
Lambda 750, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Rf 6000 spectrofluorophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Lambda 750 uv vis nir spectrometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Ce 440, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Su 8010 sem instrument, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Maldi tof ms performance, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Spectrum 100 ftir spectrometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
400 mhz spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Ct 3008, by Neware (1 mentions)
D8 focus diffractometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
4100 spectrophotometer, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Tecnai f20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Su8010, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
45 protocols using chi 660d
1
Characterization of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
2
Photoresponsive Performance Evaluation
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All photoresponse performance tests are based on a standard two-electrode electrochemical workstation (CHI660D, CH Instruments, Inc., Shanghai). During the test, the electrode clips of the counter electrode and the reference electrode were clamped at the same conductive wire connecting Pt, and the working electrode was clamped at the other wire connecting printed galinstan pattern. The linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) was measured at a scan rate of 10 mV·s−1. The current–time relationship (i–t) curve was tested by periodically turning on the “on” and “off” light source states at a frequency of 10 s. A 350 W xenon arc lamp was placed at a distance of 20 cm from the device as a light source for testing. The light only irradiated on the surface of galinstan electrode, and illumination intensity at the location of the photo-anode was measured and tuned before the test. All the photo-response current density has been normalized to the dark current density, in order to clearly compare the variation with and without light irradiation.
3
Electrocatalytic Activity of Au@PdAg Nanorods
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Electrochemical measurements were conducted with an electrochemical workstation (CHI 660D, CH Instruments Inc.) using a three-electrode configuration. The working electrode was prepared by pipetting a 30 μL aliquot of the catalyst ink (prepared by ultrasonically mixing 20 μL of the electrocatalyst and 10 μL of the Nafion solution) on the surface of a cleaned glassy carbon electrode, which was dried at room temperature. The electrodes prepared from Au@PdAg-NTs and Pd/C commercial catalysts were denoted as Au@PdAg-NTs/GC and Pd/C/GC, respectively. The counter electrode was a Pt foil. Hg/HgO (1 M KOH) was used as the reference electrode, which was calibrated against a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and all potentials reported in this paper were referred to the RHE. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) measurements were performed in a 1 M KOH solution with or without 1 M methanol at room temperature in the potential range of −0.9 to +0.4 V at the potential sweep rate of 50 mV s−1. Linear sweep voltammetric (LSV) studies were conducted in a 1 M KOH + 1 M CH3OH solution between −0.9 to +0.4 V at different temperatures at a potential scan rate of 50 mV s−1. Chronoamperometric (CA) analysis was conducted at −0.25 V in 1 M KOH + 1 M CH3OH at room temperature for 1000 s.
4
Electrochemical Performance of OER Nanospheres
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Electrochemical measurements are performed by an electrochemical workstation (CHI 660D, CH Instruments, Inc., China) in a 1M KOH (Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd., China) solution (pH~13.8); a typical three-electrode electrochemical cell consists of a reference electrode (using Hg/HgO electrode), a counter electrode (carbon rod), and a working electrode. Convert the potential to a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) using a standard conversion formula with 95% iR compensation. The electrocatalytic OER performance was measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves at a scan rate of 5 mV/s under ambient nanospheres. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed at an open-circuit voltage in the frequency range 100–106 Hz. The electrochemical surface area was obtained by scanning CV with a voltage window of 1.532–1.567 V vs. RHE in a KOH solution at scan rates from 20 to 180 mV/s.
5
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization
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The cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements were performed using CH Instruments Inc. (CHI 660D). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE, 3 mm diameter) was used as a working electrode, while a platinum wire and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (3 M KCl) were used as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. The experiments of electrochemical characterization were carried out in 5 mM [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− solution as a redox probe from +0.7 V to −0.4 V, while the different concentrations of H2O2 (5 to 6000 µM) were prepared in 0.1 M PBS saturated with N2.
Raman spectroscopy was carried out using WITec alpha300 R at 532 nm. Zeta potential was measured using Malvern Zetasizer zs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were recorded using a JEOL JEM-1230. Surface morphology characterization and identification were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, TESCAN VEGA3) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX, BRUKER) and an atomic force microscope (5600LS, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed using an X-ray diffractometer (BRUKER, D8 DISCOVER).
Raman spectroscopy was carried out using WITec alpha300 R at 532 nm. Zeta potential was measured using Malvern Zetasizer zs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were recorded using a JEOL JEM-1230. Surface morphology characterization and identification were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, TESCAN VEGA3) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX, BRUKER) and an atomic force microscope (5600LS, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed using an X-ray diffractometer (BRUKER, D8 DISCOVER).
6
Cyclic Voltammetry Analysis of Sweat Sensors
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A three-electrode system was used in the CV test setup using the AC Impedance technique (CHI 660D, CH Instruments, Austin, TX, USA), with the modified carbon electrode as the working electrode, platinum wire as the counter electrode, and a Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode. The testing temperature was room temperature (~25 °C), and the electrolyte was 0.1 M NH4Cl. For comparison, the CV tests were performed using a bare carbon electrode, a 2D graphene-coated electrode and a Graphene–CNT-coated electrode, respectively, to evaluate the performance of the sweat sensor with these electrodes.
7
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Ion Sensors
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The AC Impedance technique (CHI 660D, CH Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) was also used to determine the electrochemical impedance spectra for the sensor. To investigate the ion-to-electron transducing process, a sine waveform was superimposed onto the base potential and its frequency was scanned from high to low. The impedimetric detection was conducted at an AC power of 100 mV and a frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 1 M Hz. The electrochemical behavior of the ISEs with different modification were characterized by EIS to further reveal the operating mechanisms of the signal transduction and the performance of the ISEs modified by different methods.
8
Electrochemical Characterization of Ni Catalyst
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All electrochemical measurements were taken on an electrochemical workstation (CHI 660D, CH Instruments, Inc.) at room temperature in a conventional three-electrode system. A Ni foil and a Hg/HgO electrode were used as the counter and reference electrodes, respectively. The working electrode was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge in a 6-M KOH aqueous solution.
9
Electrochemical Measurements of Au NWs
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All electrochemical measurements were performed using a potentiostat (CHI 660D, CH Instruments) with a home-built three-electrode cell under optical microscope monitoring (Figure S3 ). To control the Au NW electrode precisely, we mounted the Au NW electrode on a three-dimensional piezoelectric stage (Sigma-Koki). A platinum wire and mercury/mercurous sulfate electrode (MSE, Hg/Hg2SO4) were used as counter and reference electrodes, respectively.
10
Electrochemical Characterization of Biomembranes
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The electrochemical cells
employed in the X-ray and neutron interferometry experiments are substantially
different for each of the two scattering techniques employed. As a
result, they are fully described in their respective Data Collection
sections below. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements,
using a CHI660D electrochemical workstation from CH Instruments, were
performed in situ on the membrane specimens utilized
in the X-ray and neutron interferometry experiments, as well as on
many additional, entirely analogous specimens performed ex
situ. These data were usually successfully modeled with simple
equivalent circuits,21 composed of a resistance,
representing that of the silicon oxide surface of the Si–Ge–Si
or Si–Ni–Si multilayer substrates, in series with an
RC component, representing the bio-organic overlayer on its surface,
e.g., the reconstituted VSD:POPC membrane or the hybrid OTS:POPC bilayer.
employed in the X-ray and neutron interferometry experiments are substantially
different for each of the two scattering techniques employed. As a
result, they are fully described in their respective Data Collection
sections below. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements,
using a CHI660D electrochemical workstation from CH Instruments, were
performed in situ on the membrane specimens utilized
in the X-ray and neutron interferometry experiments, as well as on
many additional, entirely analogous specimens performed ex
situ. These data were usually successfully modeled with simple
equivalent circuits,21 composed of a resistance,
representing that of the silicon oxide surface of the Si–Ge–Si
or Si–Ni–Si multilayer substrates, in series with an
RC component, representing the bio-organic overlayer on its surface,
e.g., the reconstituted VSD:POPC membrane or the hybrid OTS:POPC bilayer.
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