Breast DCE-MRI acquisitions were performed on either a 1.5 or 3 Tesla Siemens scanner (Magnetom Avanto, Magnetom Sonata, Magnetom Simphony or Magnetom Trio). All women were scanned in prone position using a dedicated bilateral breast coil. A transverse or coronal three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo (GRE) dynamic sequence was performed before contrast agent administration followed by 4 or 5 post-contrast sequences. Subtraction series were created for all post-contrast time points. Motion correction was applied [21 (link)]. Pixel spacing (from 0.664 mm to 1.5 mm), slice thickness (from 1 mm to 1.5 mm), matrix (256 x 128, 448 x 381 or 512 x 96 pixels), echo time (from 1.71 msec to 4.76 msec), repetition time (from 4.56 msec to 8.41 msec) and flip angle (from 10° to 25°) differed among acquisitions because of the long time span of this study and the use of various scanners and protocols. Gadolinium based contrast agents were administered at doses of 0.1 mmol/kg or 0.2 mmol/kg using a power injector (Medrad, Warrendale, PA) at a flow rate of 2.5 ml/s, followed by a saline flush. Premenopausal women were scheduled between the sixth and twelfth day of their menstrual cycle.
Power injector
Manufactured by Bayer
Sourced in United States
The Power Injector is a medical device that facilitates the controlled and precise injection of fluids or contrast media into a patient's body during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. It operates using an automated system to deliver the required volume and flow rate of the injected substance.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dotarem, by Guerbet (2 mentions)
1 13c pyruvic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Achieva mr system, by Philips (1 mentions)
Omniscan, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
3t tim trio system, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Magnevist, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Discovery hd 750, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Iomeron 400, by Bracco (1 mentions)
Prohance, by Bracco (1 mentions)
Intera, by Philips (1 mentions)
Magnetom avanto, by Siemens (1 mentions)
15 protocols using power injector
1
Dynamic Breast MRI Protocol Variations
2
Breast MRI Imaging Protocol for Premenopausal Patients
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MR imaging is performed with the patient lying in prone position using a 4-channel bilateral breast coil that covers both the breasts with 3.0 T MRI scanner (Verio: Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). All the patients were examined by the following sequences: an axial, turbo spin-echo T2-weighted imaging sequence with a TR/TE of 4300/61.0, a flip angle of 80°, 34 slices, a field of view (FOV) of 360 mm, a matrix size of 272 × 320, a number of excitations (NEX) of 1, a slice thickness of 4 mm and an acquisition time of 3 min and 19 seconds; pre-and postcontrast, axial T1-weighted flash 3-dimensional sequences with a TR/TE of 4.67/1.66, a flip angle of 10°, a slice thickness of 1.2 mm, measurement of 6 and an acquisition time of 6 minutes and 10 seconds. The images were obtained before and at 10, 70, 130, 190, 250, and 310 seconds after the rapid bolus injection of GD-DTPA (Magnevist, Wayner, NJ), delivered 0.1 mmol/kg (depending on patient weight) and followed by saline flush (20 mL) at 2 mL/s in an antecubital vein with a catheter placed through a power injector (Medrad, Warrendale, PA). Post-processing manipulation included the production of subtraction, multiplanar reconstruction of sagittal image, and maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) images.
It was unknown that menstrual cycle of the premeopausal patients were told to do the breast MRI examination.
It was unknown that menstrual cycle of the premeopausal patients were told to do the breast MRI examination.
3
Hyperpolarized Pyruvate Production
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Hyperpolarization of samples containing 1.47 g of [1-13C]pyruvic acid (Sigma Aldrich) and 15 mM electron paramagnetic agent (EPA; Syncom) was performed in a clinical hyperpolarizer (SPINlab; 5T Research Circle Technology) by microwave irradiation at 139 GHz at ∼0.8 K for ∼3 h followed by rapid dissolution in 38 mL of superheated sterile water and filtration to remove EPA to a concentration below ≤3 μM. The filtered formulation was neutralized with a buffer solution (SI Appendix, Methods ). Sample pH, temperature, pyruvate and EPA concentrations, polarization, and volume were measured by the SPINlab quality control (QC) module to ensure appropriate QC criteria were obtained. Then 0.4 mL/kg of ∼250 mM hyperpolarized pyruvate solution was injected at 5 mL/s using a power injector (Medrad) followed by a saline flush of 25 mL.
4
Knee MRI Imaging Protocol
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We used a 3 T Philips Achieva MR system (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) with an 8-channel dedicated knee coil. Sagittal proton density (PD) fast spin-echo (FSE)-driven equilibrium images were obtained with a field of view (FOV) of 150 × 150 mm, an acquisition matrix of 304 × 240, slice thickness of 3 mm, repetition time (TR) of 3000 ms and echo time (TE) of 34 ms. Subsequently, contrast enhanced (CE) MR images were obtained following injection of gadoterate meglumine (0.2 ml/kg) (Dotarem; Guerbet) into the cubital vein using a power injector (Medrad) with a rate of 2 ml/s followed by a 40-ml saline flush also at a rate of 2 ml/s. We subsequently obtained frequency selective fat-suppressed T1-weighted, FSE with TR of 655 ms, and TE of 20 ms, in both the axial and sagittal planes.
5
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Breast MRI Protocols
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MRI protocols varied over time [20 ]. Dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI acquisitions were performed on either a 1.5- or 3-T Siemens scanner using a dedicated bilateral breast coil. Patients were placed in prone position. A transverse or coronal three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo dynamic sequence was performed before contrast agent administration followed by four or five post-contrast sequences. The first time point was acquired before intravenous agent injection and the following time points after contrast agent injection. The gadolinium chelates were administered at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg or 0.2 mmol/kg using a power injector (Medrad), followed by a saline flush.
6
Multiparametric Breast MRI Protocol
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MRI was performed with the patient lying in the prone position, by using a four‐channel bilateral breast coil that covered both breasts, with a 3.0 T MRI scanner (Verio; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). All patients were examined using DCE‐MRI and IVIM‐DWI sequences. The parameters of the sequence were described as following: DCE‐MRI: (a) Axial, vibe fat‐suppressed (FS) T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI) sequences with repetition time/echo time (TR/TE) of 3.61/0.96 ms; flip angle of 3°, 6°, 9°, 12°, and 15°, successively; 30 slices; a field of view [FOV] of 380–420 mm; a matrix size of 272 × 320; slice thickness of 4 mm; and acquisition time of 8 s per scan. (b) After the above five sequences, a similar sequence with a flip angle of 12° was performed for 40 scans, continuously, and the MRI contrast agent was injected into vein at the end of the second scan. (c) Patients were injected with 0.2 ml/kg gadodiamide (General Pharmaceutical Co., Shanghai, China) in an antecubital vein, via a catheter, using a power injector (Medrad, Warrendale, PA) at a speed of 2 ml/s, followed by a saline flush (20 ml) at 2 ml/s.
IVIM: The axial, echo planar sequence had a TR/TE of 6500 /91 ms; a slice thickness of 4 mm, FOV of 380 × 260 mm; 24 slices; b‐values were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, and 1000; and the scanning time was 7 min and 29 s.
IVIM: The axial, echo planar sequence had a TR/TE of 6500 /91 ms; a slice thickness of 4 mm, FOV of 380 × 260 mm; 24 slices; b‐values were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, and 1000; and the scanning time was 7 min and 29 s.
7
Injection of [1-^13C] Pyruvate for Human MRI
8
Multiparametric MRI Breast Imaging Protocol
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MRI was performed with the patient lying in the prone position, with 4-channel bilateral breast coils covering both breasts on a 3.0 T MRI scanner (Verio, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The parameters of the sequences were as follows: (1) T2WI with a repetition time/echo time (TR/TE) of 4,300/61 ms, 34 slices, a field of view (FOV) of 340–400 mm, a slice thickness of 4 mm, and an acquisition time of 2 min 45 s; (2) DWI with a TR/TE of 7,100/95 ms, b = 50 and 800 s/mm2, 24 slices, an FOV of 320–380 mm, a slice thickness of 4 mm, and an acquisition time of 3 min 12 s; (3) axial, vibe fat-suppressed T1WI with a TR/TE of 3.61/0.96 ms; flip angles of 3°, 6°, 9°, 12°, and 15° successively, 30 slices, an FOV of 380–420 mm, a slice thickness of 4 mm, and an acquisition time of 8 s per scan. The next similar sequence with a flip angle of 12° was performed for 40 scans continuously, and after the second period, MRI contrast agent Omniscan (GE Healthcare Co., Ltd.) with 0.2 ml/kg was injected into an antecubital vein via a catheter at rate of 2 ml/s using a power injector (Medrad, Warrendale, PA), followed by a 20 ml saline flush.
9
MRI-Guided Breast Biopsy Protocol
10
Dynamic Liver CT Imaging Protocol
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All CT studies were performed with the triple phase dynamic liver imaging protocol using multi-detector, spectral CT scanner (Discovery 750HD, 64 slices, GE, GE Healthcare, USA). For intravenous contrast, nonionic contrast material Iomeron 400 (Iopomerol, Bracco, Milano, Italy) was injected after calculating the dose at 1.5 mL/kg body weight (total volume <150 ml) using power injector (Medrad, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and bolus tracking technique. Non-contrast scan was obtained before the administration of contrast media. Bolus tracking was done and hepatic arterial phase imaging was acquired after an 18-second delay from the time 100 Hounsfield units of aortic enhancement was visualized. A 30-second scan delay was used for portal venous phase imaging, after the arterial phase acquisition. Equilibrium phase imaging was also obtained 180 s after the beginning of injection. The scanning parameters followed were as below: 64-row spectral CT scanner, 120 kV with automated mA, 0.6 s rotation time, speed 55 mm/rotation, pitch of 1.375:1, detector coverage 40 mm, and matrix size of 512 × 512, section thickness 0.625 mm, collimation 16 rows x0.75 mm or 64 rows x0.6 mm; gantry rotation speed 0.625 s; image reconstruction (using reiterative techniques) increment, 1.25 mm; 120 kV; and effective tube current-time charge, 120 mA.
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