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5 protocols using sc 20150

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD68 and Arginase-1

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Sectioned liver tissues with thickness of 4 μm on coated deck glasses were stained against CD68 (Abcam Ab955) and arginase‐1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc‐20150, RRID: AB_2058955) antibodies. Antigen retrieval was performed by incubation in citrate buffer solution and heated in a microwave. Blocking peroxidase was conducted with 3% H2O2 solution in PBS. The slides were then incubated with background sniper solution. The slides were examined using light microscope and photos of 15 random fields of view for each slide were taken with Optilab software using 400× magnification. Cell count was performed using ImageJ software.
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2

Identifying Macrophage Subtypes in Lung Tissue

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Immunohistochemical analysis for M1 and M2 macrophages in lung tissue was performed using inducible nitric oxide synthase rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibody (catalog no. RB-9242, Thermo Scientific) and arginase-1 rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibody (catalog no. SC-20150, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), respectively. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections (4 μm) were dewaxed, rehydrated, and underwent heat-mediated antigen retrieval. Antibodies were detected with a secondary antibody labeled with peroxidase from Nichirei Biosciences (Tokyo, Japan) (Histofine mouse MAX PO anti-rabbit), followed by the chromogen substrate diaminobenzidine (liquid DAB; catalog no. K3468, DakoCytomation, USA). Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin-eosin. Analysis was performed in 30 images, at magnification × 400, under a light microscope (Olympus BX51, Olympus Latin America-Inc., Brazil). The areas occupied by cells with positive staining for the phenotype marker were then measured and divided by tissue area using Image-Pro Plus 6.3 for Windows software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA) and expressed as fraction area occupied by positive cells (Lopes-Pacheco et al., 2013 (link)).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Fibrosis Markers

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Tissue samples were homogenized in lysis buffer (50mM TrisHCl, 150mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 2 mM EGTA, 0.2% Triton X-100, 0.3% NP-40, 0.1 mM PMSF, and 1 µg/ml pepstatin A) and then separated by 10% SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. After electrophoresis, samples were transferred to PVDF membranes (IPVH00010, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA), blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBS/0.5% v/v Tween 20 for 1 h, washed with TBS/Tween, and incubated with rabbit anti-Fibronectin (1:5000; AB2033, Millipore, MA, USA), anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (1:1000; A2668, Sigma, MO, USA), anti-Collagen I (1:1000, 234167, Merck Millipore, MA, USA), anti-Arg1 (1:1000; sc-20150, Santa Cruz, Germany), anti-Arg2 (1:1000; sc-393496, Santa Cruz, Germany). Antibodies were diluted in 5% milk TBS/Tween. Blots were washed with TBS/Tween and incubated with appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1:2000, Amersham, Aylesbury, UK). After washing with TBS/Tween the blots were developed with the chemiluminescence method (ECL Luminata Crescendo, WBLUR0500, Millipore, MA, USA). Blots were then probed with mouse monoclonal anti-α-tubulin antibody (1:5000, T6199, Sigma, MO, USA), and levels of expression were corrected for minor differences in loading. Quantification was expressed as arbitrary densitometric units (AU).
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4

Macrophage Profiling in Heart Tissue

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Hearts were removed after perfusion at physiological pressure of saline containing 10% sucrose, embedded in OCT, and frozen. Hearts were sectioned through the aortic root (6 μm) and stained for CD68 (MCA1957; AbD Serotec) to detect macrophages, active-β-catenin (8814; Cell Signaling Technology), STAT3 (8768; Cell Signaling Technology), MRC1 (MCA2235; AbD Serotec), ARG1 (sc-20150; Santa Cruz), VCAM1 (ab134047; Abcam), and CCL2 (505908; BioLegend). Picrosirius red was used for collagen staining, and imaging done using polarizing light microscopy. Image analysis was performed with ImagePro Plus 7.0 software (Media Cybernetics) and ImageJ (National Institute of Health Schneider et al., 2012 (link)).
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5

Murine Lung Tissue Immunohistochemistry

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The mouse lungs were inflated with 1% low melting-point agarose to 25 cm of fixative pressure and then fixed with 4% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h. Later, these tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, and sectioned into 4 µm sections using a rotary microtome. For immunohistochemical analysis, tissue sections were deparaffinized with xylene and rehydrated with graded concentrations of ethanol, followed by antigen retrieval in 10 mM citric acid solution (pH = 6) for 20 min using a pressure cooker. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by 3% hydrogen peroxide. After blocking with 5% BSA for 30 min, the slides were incubated with the primary antibodies against the following proteins at 4°C overnight: α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) 1:500 (Ab5694; Abcam); Arginase I 1:1,000 (sc-20150; Santa Cruz). After washing, the sections were incubated with the appropriate HRP polymers and developed with 3–3′ diaminobenzidine solution (DAB substrate kit; Vector Laboratories). After counterstaining with hematoxylin, the slides were dehydrated and mounted with a mounting medium.
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