Camedia c 5060

To reveal the pigmentation differences between the SEW and SEM strains, we observed and documented the pigmentation time courses of the SEW and SEM pupae with a digital camera (Olympus Corp., Camedia C-5060, Japan) under white light. The pupae of both strains were observed and pictured immediately after pupation (zero time point), once per 15 min in the first two hours post pupation, once per 2 hours from 2 to 12 hours, once per 4 hours from 12 to 24 hours, and then once per day until eclosion.

After seven days of treatment, the rabbits were euthanized. The whole right and left eyes were dissected from all groups and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin for 48 h. Then, these eyes were sliced just behind the cornea to divide the ball into anterior and posterior parts. Selected samples represented the cornea, sclera, ciliary body and their processes, iris, retina, and choroid were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24 h, processed, sectioned at 4–6 µm thickness, stained by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E), and finally, examined by light microscope (Olympus microscope, CX3I, Tokyo, Japan) and photographed using a digital camera (Olympus, Camedia C-5060, Tokyo, Japan). Tissues were scored from 0 (normal) to 4 (marked) signs of inflammation. Scores were combined to give a total inflammatory score of 20 using the following criteria: (i) edema or congestion in the cornea, iris, ciliary process, and choroid, (ii) inflammatory cell infiltration in the cornea, ciliary process, and retinal tissues, and (iii) neovascularization in the cornea [44 (link)].

The particles were examined with the use of an Olympus BX41 light microscope (Olympus, Hamburg, Germany). Images were registered with a photographic camera (Olympus Camedia C-5060, Hamburg, Germany). Images obtained at 40× magnification were binarized and segmented (Fiji image processing). ImageJ software was used to measure particle size parameters.¹² Feret diameter and circularity were selected as the most representative shape descriptors. The results were analyzed in GrapPad Prism 5.0 (GrapPad Software, San Diego, CA). The surface layer of the samples was observed with a TESCAN VEGA3 LMU scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Tescan, Brno, Czech Republic). A graphite double-sided adhesive tape was covered with the sample; afterwards, the sample was dehydrated and sputter-coated with gold (Emitech K550X, Quorum Technologies, UK). The analyses were performed at acceleration voltage of 30 kV.

Fresh specimens from liver, bursae and lung of chicken from 3 birds at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 35 day post infection were collected and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin. The tissues were dehydrated in a graded alcohol series, cleared with methyl benzoate, embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned at 4-μm thickness and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination by light microscopy (Olympus CX31, Japan) and photographed using digital camera (Olympus, Camedia C-5060, Japan) [30 (link)].

Fresh cecal specimens from five birds per experimental group were formalin-fixed and processed for histopathological analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin were applied to 5 µm-thick paraffin sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The microscopic examination was conducted by light microscopy (Olympus CX31, Tokyo, Japan) and photographed with a digital camera (Olympus, Camedia C-5060, Tokyo, Japan) in the Photomicrograph Lab of the Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University [29 (link),30 ]. All detected microscopic lesions were scored according to their severity, as described elsewhere [11 (link)] as follows: 0: normal, 1: minimal severity, 2: mild severity, 3: moderate, 4: marked, and 5: severe.