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4 protocols using 1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine

1

Synthesis and Characterization of DPPC Liposomes

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All chemical materials used in this study were analytical grade unless stated otherwise. 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPC), cholesterol, tween-20, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB), complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA), incomplete freund’s adjuvant (IFA), and o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD) tablets were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. p-methylbenzhydrylamine (MBHA). HCl resin was purchased from Novabiochem. N, N’-dimethylformamide (DMF), trifluoroacetic (TFA) acid, acetonitrile, protected (tert-butyloxycarbonyl) Boc-amino acids and 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU) were purchased from Mimotopes. Chloroform, methanol, skim milk powder, and other solvents were purchased obtained from Merck. Goat antimouse IgG (H+L)-HRP conjugate secondary antibody was purchased from Bio-Rad, Australia).
Analytical reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and preparative RP-HPLC were performed on a Shimadzu instrument using Vydac analytical (C4 and C18) and preparative (C4 and C18) columns. HPLC solvent A: 0.1% TFA in water and solvent B: 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile: water (90:10); flow rate: 1 mL/min for analytical RP-HPLC and 20 mL/min for preparative RP-HPLC; detection: UV absorbance at 214 nm.
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2

Procurement of Marine Organisms for Fatty Acid Analysis

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E. pacifica was purchased from Kawashu Inc. (Iwate, Japan) and Kokuyou Inc. (Iwate, Japan), and was originally harvested from the Pacific Ocean near Iwate, Japan. E. superba was purchased from HiromatsuKyu Fishery Co.,Ltd (Fukuoka, Japan). Balanus rostratus Hoek was purchased directly from a fisherman culture in Ofunato, Iwate, Japan. Marsupenaeus japonicus was purchased from a local fisherman in Aichi, Japan. Fatty acids, HEPEs, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and hydroxy docasahexaenoic acids (HDoHEs) were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Dipalmitoyl Phosphocholine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, glyceryl tripalmitate, DL-a-palmitin and 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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3

Lipid Membrane Composition Analysis

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The phospholipids 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1′-rac-glycerol (DMPG), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) and the cationic lipids 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DMTAP) and 1,2-stearoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DSTAP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Germany). The fluorinated amphiphile 1H,1H-perfluorooctadecan-1-ol (PFOL) was purchased from Proactive Molecular Research (USA) and the perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOA) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (USA). High purity (99.5-99.9%) NaCl was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hexane, methanol, and chloroform were of the highest commercial purity available and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Germany).
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4

Reproduction and Lipid Analysis of Balanus rostratus

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Balanus rostratus was purchased directly from a fisherman in Mutsu, Aomori, Japan. This species is simultaneously-hermaphrodite, and almost all individuals have both a bloated seminal vesicle, and a matured ovary or a clutch of fertilized eggs (egg lamellae) in November. Similar to other acorn barnacle (balanomorph) species, B. rostratus is thought to mate by inserting its penis into adjacent individuals, but direct observation of mating in this species has not been reported. For the present study, the mature ovary or fertilized clutch lying free in the mantle cavity (Anderson, 1994) was readily obtained by the dissection of B. rostratus harvested from Aomori in late November. Fatty acids were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Dipalmitoyl phosphocholine, 1,2-dipalmitoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, glyceryl tripalmitate, DL-apalmitin and 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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