Fluorescence intensity decays were measured using time-correlated single-photon-counting with a
FluoTime200 fluorimeter (PicoQuant, Inc., Berlin, Germany). Excitation was at 295 nm. Emitted light at 340 nm was selected using a monochromator. To avoid effects of Brownian rotation a polarizer oriented at the magical angle was placed on the emission side. A micro channel plate was used to detect the emitted light. The intensity decay data were fitted with
FluoFit software (PicoQuant version 4).
Some fluorescence lifetimes were measured using
Fluorolog fluorimeter equipped with Nano-LED laser (Horiba Scientific Inc., Edison, NJ). Excitation was at 278 nm. The emitted light at 340 nm was selected using a monochromator. A photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu 928, Japan) was used to detect emitted light. The intensity decay data were fitted with
Data Analysis Software (Horiba Scientific Data Station 2.7).
The data were analyzed in terms of a sum of exponentials: I(t) = Σα
i exp (−t/⊤
i) where α
i are the amplitudes of the intensity decay times ⊤
i with Σα
i = 1.0. The intensity mean lifetime is defined as ⊤
mean = Σα
i⊤
i2/Σα
i⊤
i.
Zelent B., Bialas C., Gryczynski I., Chen P., Chib R., Lewerissa K., Corradini M.G., Ludescher R.D., Vanderkooi J.M, & Matschinsky F.M. (2017). Tryptophan fluorescence yields and lifetimes as a probe of conformational changes in human glucokinase. Journal of fluorescence, 27(5), 1621-1631.