An extra specimen per group was produced for microscopic glass ceramic microstructural evaluation. Specimens were etched for 120 s with 9% hydrofluoric acid (Porcelain Etch, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA), and cleaned under running water. The preparation for SEM analysis involved ultrasonically cleansing in a 95% alcohol solution for 3 min and air drying with an oil-free air spray. Specimens were then secured onto SEM (Tescan MIRA 3 FEG-SEM, Brno, Czechia) slabs with gold conducting tape, and gold coated in a vacuum sputter coater (Quorum Q150R sputter coater, Quorum Technologies, Laughton, UK). The treated surfaces were then observed at 20,000× magnification for morphology evaluation.
Quorum q150r sputter coater
Manufactured by Quorum Technologies
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Quorum Q150R is a sputter coater designed for the deposition of thin conductive films onto a variety of substrates. It features a compact and self-contained design with a user-friendly interface. The core function of the Q150R is to provide a controlled environment for the sputtering process, allowing for the uniform and consistent application of coatings.
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4 protocols using quorum q150r sputter coater
1
Glass Ceramic Microstructure Evaluation
2
Fibrin Clot Ultrastructure Analysis
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Fibrin clot ultrastructure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Clots were prepared as described above. After fixation with 4% phosphate‐buffered formalin for 2 h, the samples were washed with ddH2O and subsequently dehydrated with an ascending EtOH series (15% EtOH/ddH2O to EtOH abs. in 15% increments). Samples were then chemically dried with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), mounted onto aluminium stubs and sputter coated with Pd‐Au using a Quorum Q 150 R sputter coater (Quorum Technologies Ltd.) with a gold target. Samples were then imaged with a JSM‐6510 scanning electron microscope (JEOL Ltd.).
3
Preparing Specimens for SEM Imaging
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Specimens’ preparation for SEM observations involved ultrasonically cleansing in a 95% alcohol solution for 3 min and air drying with an oil-free air spray. Specimens were then secured onto SEM (ZEISS EVO MA 10, ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany) slabs with gold conducting tape and gold 80%/platinum 20% coated in a vacuum sputter coater (Quorum Q150R sputter coater, Quorum Technologies, Laughton, UK). The treated surfaces were then observed at 500× magnification (Figure 1 ).
4
Characterization of Adsorbent Materials
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Scanning electron microscopic images were obtained from an FEI Quanta 200 SEM (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) and Jeol IT-300 tungsten scanning electron microscopy equipped with secondary backscattering electron detectors and an Oxford energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis external probe. Samples were coated with gold using a Quorum Q150R sputter coater (Quorum Technologies Ltd, East Sussex, UK). The coating thickness was precisely controlled at 5 nm using the film thickness monitor option of the Quorum Q150R sputter. Functional group analysis on the surface of adsorbents was obtained from a PerkinElmer Spectrum 400 FT-IR/FT-NIR spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA) recording from 4000 to 500 cm−1. Thermal analysis of adsorbents was elucidated using a PerkinElmer TGA 4000 thermogravimetric analyzer (Waltham, USA). Centrifugation was accomplished employing a CL10 ThermoScientific centrifuge (Johannesburg, South Africa).
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