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1 023 protocols using tissue tek oct compound

1

Tissue Processing for Lung Cryosectioning

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Mice were anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation, and the distal aorta was cut to exsanguinate the animal. The mice were perfused via the right ventricle with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. The lungs were then separated into lobes and immersed in PBS containing 10% sucrose at 4 °C. The sucrose density was consecutively changed to 16, 18, and 20%. The lungs were then rinsed with PBS containing 50% Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Sakura Finetek, Tokyo, Japan) and frozen in Tissue-Tek OCT compound at − 80 °C. Frozen sections were cut using a cryostat (to a thickness of 7 μm) at − 20 °C.
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2

Tissue Sampling and Preservation Protocol

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After the animal was removed from the stereotaxic frame, still under anesthesia, the femoral vein was exposed and a catheter inserted. Blood was withdrawn into heparinized micro-centrifuge tubes, centrifuged at 400×g for 8 min, and the aspirated plasma layer stored at −80 °C for later analysis. The cell pellet was resuspended in red blood cell lysis buffer (Biolegend, California, USA), incubated on ice for 5 min, centrifuged (400×g, 8 min), and frozen. The animals were perfused with 100 ml ice-cold PBS, pH = 7.2, and decapitated under deep isoflurane anesthesia.
One random brain hemisphere was frozen in isopentane and stored at −80 °C and the other processed for mitochondrial isolation (see below).
Pieces of tissue from the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar/sacral regions of the spinal cord were frozen in isopentane and stored at −80 °C, processed for mitochondrial isolation, or frozen in isopentane at −80 °C, and embedded in Tissue-Tek® O.C.T. compound (Sakura Finetek, Alphen Aan Den Rijn, The Netherlands) for cutting. The right liver lobe was frozen in isopentane and stored at −80 °C. The optic nerve was frozen in isopentane at −80 °C and embedded in Tissue-Tek® O.C.T. compound (Sakura Finetek) for sectioning.
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3

Cardiovascular Tissue Isolation and Preservation

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Mice were euthanized by ketamine/xylazine overdose, the blood was collected by heart puncture after which the mice were flushed with 20 ml of ice-cold PBS-EDTA (5 mM EDTA). Subsequently, the left common carotid artery was embedded in Tissue Tek O.C.T. compound (Sakura Finetek) for analysis. Aortic arches and hearts were isolated, fixed with 4% PFA and embedded in paraffin and in Tissue Tek O.C.T. compound (Sakura Finetek), respectively.
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4

Quantifying Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis

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Sections of liver tissue collected from the left lobe of each mouse were fixed in either formalin (10% neutral buffered formalin) or Tissue-Tek OCT Compound (Tissue Tek OCT Compound, Sakura Finetek, USA). Samples were sent to the Vanderbilt University Translational Pathology Shared Resource (TPSR) Core, where they were sectioned into 5 μm slices and stained with Masson's Trichrome and F4/80 antibody. These stained samples were placed onto slides for imaging with a light microscope (AmScope). Six images were taken for every mouse for each stain and the images were analyzed using ImageJ. Macros were written on ImageJ to quantify the density of macrophage staining or Masson's Trichrome staining area in each image.
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5

Vascularization and Angiogenesis Evaluation

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To confirm vascularization in Matrigel plugs, slide samples were deparaffinized with xylene and blocked with M.O.M.® IgG blocking reagent (Vector Laboratories, Newark, CA, USA) for 1 h. The blocked specimens were incubated with primary antibodies. The information about the primary antibodies used in this study are listed in Table S1. To confirm angiogenesis in the hindlimb tissues, the slides were stained with immunohistochemistry stains. Briefly, fixed muscles were embedded in Tissue-Tek® O.C.T compound (Sakura Finetek USA, Inc., Torrance, CA), incubated at room temperature, and washed to remove the Tissue-Tek® O.C.T. compound. The washed samples were blocked with M. O. M. ® IgG blocking reagent for 1 h and incubated with primary antibodies (anti-α-SMA, ILB4, and HNA). The samples were then washed and incubated with secondary antibodies (Alexa Fluor 488, 568, and 647) at room temperature for 2 h. The stained samples were thereafter mounted on slides using prolonged gold anti-fade mounting solutions and visualized using Zeiss confocal instruments.
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6

Palbociclib-Induced Senescence Profiling

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Cells, 2.5×103/60mm plate, were treated with 1µM palbociclib with fresh palbociclib added daily for 8 days. Cells were cultured for an additional 14 days following removal of drug, in complete growth media and colonies were visualized by Giemsa stain. For SA-βGal, cultured melanoma cells or frozen tissue samples in Tissue-Tek OCT compounds (Sakura Finetek, Torrance, CA) were fixed and incubated with X-gal staining solution (Sigma) according to manufacturer’s instructions. For ELISA, melanoma cells were cultured with or without palbociclib. SASP expression such as IL-6 (D6050), IL-8 (D8000C), CXCL1/GROα (DGR00) in supernatants were analyzed with ELISA kits (R&D) according to manufacture’s protocol.
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7

Metastatic Melanoma Tissue Culture Assay

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Fresh primary tumor tissue was obtained from patients with metastatic melanoma at the Hollings Cancer Center at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) in accordance with Institutional Review Board standards and in compliance with federal regulations governing research on specimens and/or clinical data (45CFR46). Tumors were dissected by a clinical pathologist and subdivided into approximately 1- to 10-mm3 pieces and placed on presoaked 1-cm3 dental sponges (Novartis; Vetspon) submerged in 2 ml of culture melanoma media with or without of treatment of palbociclib and/or rapamycin for 8 days. Treatments were refreshed daily, and tumors were harvested after 8 days and fixed in Tissue-Tek O.C.T. compounds (Sakura Finetek) for SA-β-gal assay.
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8

Histological Staining of Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal glands were mounted in Tissue-Tek OCT compounds (Sakura Finetek). For histology, the 10 μm sections were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 1xPBS for 5 min at room temperature (RT). Incubating the slides with 60% isopropanol for 5min, the slides were stained with freshly prepared Oil Red O (0.5% in triethylphophate) working solution for 10 min. Then, the slides were rinsed with 60% isopropanol for 2min repeatedly, following the HE staining for 10s. The slides were rinsed with 1xTBS for 3 times and with dH2O before mounting a cover-slip onto the slides with warmed glycerol gelatin. Images were obtained by ECLIPSE Ti-S Inverted Microscope System (Nikon).
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9

Assessing Palbociclib-Induced Senescence and Clonogenicity

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For SA-β-gal activity assay, cultured melanoma cells or primary melanoma tumors in Tissue-Tek O.C.T. compounds (Sakura Finetek) were fixed and incubated with X-gal staining solution (Sigma) according to the manufacturer’s instructions following exposure of 1 μM palbociclib for 8 days. For clonogenic colony formation assay, 2.5 × 103/60-mm plate plates were treated with 1 μM palbociclib with fresh palbociclib added daily for 8 days and cultured for an additional 14 days following removal of drug in complete growth media and colonies that were visualized by Giemsa staining.
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10

Senescence Detection in Murine Lungs

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The right middle lung lobe of additional animals was inflated with Tissue-Tek O.C.T. Compound (#4583, Sakura Finetek USA, Inc., Torrance, CA, United States) through the trachea, embedded in Tissue-Tek O.C.T. Compound and frozen in a bath of isopentane pre-cooled in liquid nitrogen. Five μm cryosections were cut using a cryostat (HM525 NX cryostat, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States), and tissue was processed with the Senescence Detection Kit (#K320-250, BioVision Inc., Milpitas, CA, United States), following the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, sections were fixed 10 min with the Fixative Solution of the kit at RT, and then incubated overnight at 37°C with the Staining Solution Mix containing 1 mg/ml X-gal. Development of the blue color linked with the beta-galactosidase activity was followed under the microscope. N = 3 animals/genotype.
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