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Chloroauric acid

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Chloroauric acid is a chemical compound with the formula HAuCl4. It is a pale yellow to orange-yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water and alcohol. Chloroauric acid is used as a precursor in the synthesis of various gold compounds and nanoparticles.

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Lab products found in correlation

Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (29 mentions) Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (28 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (17 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (14 mentions) Sodium citrate, by Merck Group (13 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (12 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (8 mentions) L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (8 mentions) Tween 20, by Merck Group (8 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (7 mentions) Acetone, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Trisodium citrate, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (5 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) (49 citations) Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O) (28 citations) Chloroauric acid trihydrate (20 citations) Chloroauric acid tetrahydrate (10 citations) Chloroauric acid hydrate (6 citations) Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·4H2O) (3 citations) Chloroauric acid solution (2 citations) Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4.aq) (2 citations) Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·H2O) (2 citations) Chloroauric acid tetrahydrate HAuCl4 4H2O (2 citations)

151 protocols using chloroauric acid

1

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles: A Versatile Protocol

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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (Loba Chemie), ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (SRL), aqueous ammonia (SRL), oleic acid (Merck), divinyl benzene (Sigma-Aldrich), styrene (Sigma-Aldrich), benzoyl peroxide (Alfa Aeser), 2-acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich), 2-hydroxyethylacrylate (Sigma-Aldrich), liquid ammonia (SRL), chloroauric acid (Sigma-Aldrich), copper bromide (Sigma-Aldrich), polyethylene glycol (PEG (M.wt-4000)) (SRL), 1,10 phenanthroline (Sd-fine), EDTA (SRL), chloroauric acid (Sigma Aldrich), rhodamine-B (Sigma-Alrich) and sodium borohydride (SRL) were used as such. All the chemicals were of analytical grade with >90% purity. Solvents like methanol (SRL), acetone (SRL), ethanol (SRL), diethylether (SRL), dichloromethane (SRL) and DD water were also used.
Ramesh A., Tamizhdurai P., Gopinath S., Sureshkumar K., Murugan E, & Shanthi K. (2019). Facile synthesis of core-shell nanocomposites Au catalysts towards abatement of environmental pollutant Rhodamine B. Heliyon, 5(1), e01005.
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2

Synthesis of Hybrid Nanoparticles with Iron Oxide Core and Gold Shell

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HNPs were synthesised as previously reported [15 (link),16 (link),18 (link)]. Briefly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were first synthesised using a coprecipitation reaction between iron sulphate heptahydrate (Sigma Aldrich, UK) and sodium hydroxide/potassium nitrate (Sigma Aldrich, UK) in acidic conditions under nitrogen and 90 °C. The mixture was left to stir for 24 h under reflux before the mixture was plunged into icy water to stop further crystallisation. The particles were washed with deionised water before sonication with poly(ethylenimine) (Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) for 2 h. Gold seeds were formed by the reduction of chloroauric acid (Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) with sodium carbonate (Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) and sodium borohydride (Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK). The gold seeds were stirred with the polymer-coated iron oxide particles for 2 h at 25 °C before washing. The gold coating was obtained by further iterative reduction of chloroauric acid onto the surface using hydroxylamine (Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK). Once the HNPs had formed, the particles were washed and stored at 25 °C until further use.
Oluwasanmi A., Man E., Curtis A., Yiu H.H., Perrie Y, & Hoskins C. (2021). Investigation into the Use of Microfluidics in the Manufacture of Metallic Gold-Coated Iron Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11(11), 2976.
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3

Organic Synthesis Chemical Reagents

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Lipoic acid (97%), petroleum ether (99%), triethylamine (98%), tetrahydrofuran (97%), ethanol (99%), ethyl acetate (99%), dichloromethane (97%), 1-octanol (≥85%), N-dimethylformamide (≥97%), sodium bicarbonate (≥95%), sodium chloride (90%), sodium hydroxide (≥97%), hydrochloric acid (98%), sodium borohydride (95%), hydrogen peroxide (30%) and chloroauric acid (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Wang S., Yan X., Su G, & Yan B. (2021). Cytotoxicity Induction by the Oxidative Reactivity of Nanoparticles Revealed by a Combinatorial GNP Library with Diverse Redox Properties. Molecules, 26(12), 3630.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

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Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by sodium citrate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) reduction of chloroauric acid (Sigma Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany) according to ref. 44 (link). Particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy (see ESI†).
Drescher D., Büchner T., Guttmann P., Werner S., Schneider G, & Kneipp J. (2019). X-ray tomography shows the varying three-dimensional morphology of gold nanoaggregates in the cellular ultrastructure. Nanoscale Advances, 1(8), 2937-2945.
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5

Synthesis of Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents

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Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (99%), gadolinium(III) chloride hexahydrate (GdCl3•6H2O) (99.999%), terephthalic acid (98%), methylamine aqueous solution (40 wt.%), sodium salicylate (NaSal) (99.5%), 2,2’-azobisisobutrylnitrile (AIBN) (98%), chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O), sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and hexanol (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Heptane (HPLC grade) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (HPLC grade) were purchased from Mallinckrodt Chemicals. Deionized ultrafiltered (DIUF) water and ethanol were purchased from Fisher. Acrylic acid (AA) (stabilized with 200 ppm MEHQ, 99.5%) and hexylamine (99%) were purchased from Acros Chemicals. AA was distilled under vacuum and then stored in a freezer prior to use. AIBN was recrystallized twice from methanol prior to use. Unless otherwise noted, all other chemicals were used as received. ISOVUE Multipack-300 (30% organically bound iodine, lopamidol Injection 61%) was purchased from Bracco Diagnostics. Each mL of ISOVUE Multipack-300 provides 612 mg iopamidol with 1 mg tromethamine and 0.39 mg edetate calcium disodium. Magnevist sterile solution (each mL contains 469.01 mg gadopentetate dimeglumine, 0.99 mg meglumine and 0.40 mg diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) was purchased from Berlex and used as received.
Tian C., Zhu L., Lin F, & Boyes S.G. (2015). Poly(acrylic acid) Bridged Gadolinium Metal-Organic Framework-Gold Nanoparticle Composites as Contrast Agents for Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Imaging. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 7(32), 17765-17775.
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6

Optimizing Osteoclast Differentiation

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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS/EDTA, bovine serum albumin (BSA), methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA), Freund’s complete adjuvant, Histopaque reagent, Pluronic F127, TRAcP staining kit, DMEM high glucose, fetal bovine serum, M-CSF, RANK-L, doxorubicin, chloroauric acid, tetraoctylammonium bromide, sodium borohydride, Poly-D-lysine, glucose, HEPES, calcium, and magnesium were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Souza B.N., Ribeiro E.R., da Silva de Barros A.O., Pijeira M.S., Kenup-Hernandes H.O., Ricci-Junior E., Diniz Filho J.F., dos Santos C.C., Alencar L.M., Attia M.F., Gemini-Piperni S, & Santos-Oliveira R. (2022). Nanomicelles of Radium Dichloride [223Ra]RaCl2 Co-Loaded with Radioactive Gold [198Au]Au Nanoparticles for Targeted Alpha–Beta Radionuclide Therapy of Osteosarcoma. Polymers, 14(7), 1405.
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7

Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles

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Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4, 99.9%) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were bought from Sigma‐Aldrich. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), salicylic acid, sodium citrate dehydrate (Na3Ct), sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO), anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and Nafion (5 wt%) solution were purchased from Alfa‐Aesar. Hydrazine monohydrate (≥98%, N2H4∙H2O) and p‐(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde were obtained from Aladdin. Sodium nitroferricyanide dehydrate were bought from Macklin. Carbon paper was provided by Shenzhen Teensky Technology Co., Ltd. N2 and Ar gases with high purity (99.999%) were used for the electrochemical measurements. The deionized (DI) water (18.2 MΩ) was purified by a Millipore system.
Zhang J., Zhao B., Liang W., Zhou G., Liang Z., Wang Y., Qu J., Sun Y, & Jiang L. (2020). Three‐Phase Electrolysis by Gold Nanoparticle on Hydrophobic Interface for Enhanced Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction. Advanced Science, 7(22), 2002630.
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8

Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

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All chemical reagents were purchased and used without further purification. Chloroauric acid, 1,2,4-triazole, iron tetrafluoroborate hexahydrate, sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, sodium borohydride hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAC), l-ascorbic acid, potassium iodide and polyvinylpyrrolidone-30K (PVP) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Silver nitrate was purchased from Alfa Aesar. Ultra-pure water (18.2 MΩ) was used in the following synthesis.
Sanchis-Gual R., Torres-Cavanillas R., Coronado-Puchau M., Giménez-Marqués M, & Coronado E. (2021). Plasmon-assisted spin transition in gold nanostar@spin crossover heterostructures. Journal of Materials Chemistry. C, 9(33), 10811-10818.
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9

Synthesis of pNIPAm Hydrogels with GNPs

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The precursor solution for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) hydrogels was prepared by dissolving N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm, TCI America) (0.4 g), N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (BIS, Sigma-Aldrich) (1 mol% of NIPAm), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with an average molecular weight of ~700 g mol−1 (Sigma-Aldrich) (0.125 mol% of NIPAm), and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (Sigma-Aldrich) (0.15 mol% of NIPAm) in 1 mL aqueous solutions (1:3 volume ratio of water and acetone). The precursor solution for pNIPAm hydrogels with GNPs (~40–60 nm in diameters) was prepared by adding GNPs to the precursor solution for pNIPAm hydrogels (0.05 mg mL−1). GNPs were synthesized by mixing aqueous solutions of chloroauric acid (Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium citrate (Sigma-Aldrich)32 (link). GNPs were purified and concentrated by centrifugation (Centrifuge 5430, Eppendorf) before use. All materials were used as received.
Nojoomi A., Jeon J, & Yum K. (2021). 2D material programming for 3D shaping. Nature Communications, 12, 603.
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), silver nitrate (AgNO3), tetraethylorthsilicate (TEOS), 3-(Methacryloxy) propyl triethoxysilane (MPS), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), N,N’-Methylenebis (acrylamide) (MBA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), potassium persulfate (KPS), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, 24,000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Chlorine E6 (ICG) was purchased from MedKoo Biosciences. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Laboratories. Deionized water (Millipore Milli-Q grade) with resistivity of 18.2 MΩ was used in all the experiments.
Gong B., Shen Y., Li H., Li X., Huan X., Zhou J., Chen Y., Wu J, & Li W. (2021). Thermo-responsive polymer encapsulated gold nanorods for single continuous wave laser-induced photodynamic/photothermal tumour therapy. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 19, 41.
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