Amoxicillin, atropine, carbamazepine, dicloxacillin, digoxin, erythromycin, estradiol, furosemide, halothane, streptomycin, ticlopidine and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Allopurinol, azathioprine, diclofenac, diphenhydramine, flutamide, ibuprofen, imipramine, indomethacin, isoniazid, kanamycin, ketoconazole, metronidazole, nifedipine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, pioglitazone, sulfamethoxazole, troglitazone and valproic acid were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Primidone was purchased from the Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Primers were commercially synthesized at Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA). HaCaT cells were purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (Eppelheim, Germany). CnT-Prime (CnT-PR) Epithelial Culture Medium and CnT-Prime 2D Diff (CnT-PR-D) Epithelial Culture Medium were from CELLnTEC Advanced Systems (Bern, Switzerland). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade or the highest grade commercially available.
Phenobarbital
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
Phenobarbital is a laboratory equipment product used for analytical purposes. It serves as a standard compound for various analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectroscopy. The core function of Phenobarbital is to provide a reference point for the identification and quantification of similar compounds in samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Omeprazole, by Fujifilm (3 mentions)
Rifampicin, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Digoxin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Erythromycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Carbamazepine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lipopolysaccharide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ticlopidine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kanamycin, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Flutamide, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Estradiol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amoxicillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Furosemide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dicloxacillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Allopurinol, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Azathioprine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Diclofenac, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Diphenhydramine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Imipramine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Indomethacin, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
5 protocols using phenobarbital
1
Comprehensive Pharmacological Compound Database
2
Rat Liver S9 Fraction Preparation
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Our animal experiment was approved by the Animal Investigation Committee, Chiba University, Japan (No. 28-60), and carried out according to the Guidelines of the Animal Investigation Committee, Chiba University. Specific pathogen free (SPF) male Wistar rats (5 weeks of age; Clea Japan, Tokyo, Japan) were housed in a humidity-controlled room maintained at 22–25 °C with a 12 h light-dark cycle. The rats were fed a commercial diet (MF; Clea Japan) and tap water ad libitum. After a five-day acclimation period, one rat was intraperitoneally injected with phenobarbital (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at the dose of 60 mg/kg body weight. The animal was sacrificed 24 h after the injection by exsanguination under anesthesia. Then, the liver was excised. An approximately 1.0 g portion of the liver was homogenized with fourfold volume of 150 mM KCl, 50 mM Tri–HCl, pH 7.4, under nitrogen atmosphere. The homogenate was separated by centrifugation at 9000 × g for 20 min at 4 °C to obtain the supernatant. The supernatant was used to prepare S9 mix, a metabolic activator. S9 mix consisted of 8 mM MgCl2, 33 mM KCl, 5 mM glucose 6-phosphate, 4 mM NADP, 4 mM NADPH, 100 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.4, and the supernatant at the concentration of 0.1 mL/mL of mixture.
3
Chemical Induction of Cellular Responses
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Cells cultured in the 24-well plates in ESTEM-HE medium were treated with 100 nM vitaminD3 (D1530-10UG, Sigma-Aldrich)or 40 μM β-naphthoflavone (N3633-1G, Sigma-Aldrich) or 50 μM omeprazole (150–02091, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.) for 24 h or 20 μM rifampicin (189–01001, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.) or 500 μM phenobarbital(162–11,602, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.) or 100 μM dexamethasone (194,561, MP Biomedicals, Illkirch, France) for 48 h at a cell density of 80%. Controls were treated with DMSO (final concentration 0.1%).
4
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction Assay
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To examine the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, cells were cultured in 12-well plates (353043, BD Falcon; Corning, NY, USA) using irrMEF and EMUKK-05 medium. When the cells reached 80–90% confluence, the following drugs were added to the cells: 20 μM rifampicin (solvent: DMSO, 189–01001, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) with an induction period of 2 days, 50 μM omeprazole (solvent: DMSO, 158–03491, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) with an induction period of 1 day and 500 μM phenobarbital (solvent: DMSO, 162–11602, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) with an induction period of 2 days.
5
Omeprazole, Phenobarbital, and Rifampicin Effects
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The puromycin-selected immortalized cells were treated with 50 μM omeprazole (solvent: DMSO, 158–03,491, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan) for 24 h, with 500 μM phenobarbital (PB, Wako, Osaka, Japan) for 48 h, or 20 μM rifampicin (RFP, Wako, Osaka, Japan) for 48 h. Controls were treated with DMSO (final concentration 0.2%).
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