Dodecanethiol

All chemicals were used as supplied unless otherwise stated. Acetone, dichloromethane, toluene, methanol, diethyl ether were purchased from Fischer Scientific at laboratory grade. Dodecane thiol (≥98%), potassium phosphate tribasic (≥98%), carbon disulfide (99%), N-hydroxethyl acrylamide (97%), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (98%), mesitylene (reagent grade), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (≥98%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2-Bromo-2-methylpropionic acid (98%), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (99%), pentafluorophenol (99%), triethylamine (99%) were purchased from Acros. Microtitre plates were purchased from Greiner Bio-one. 10 mmol HEPES buffer containing 0.05 M NaCl, 0.1 mM CaCl₂ and 0.01 mM MnCl₂ (pH 7.5, HEPES) was prepared in 200 mL of milliQ water (with a resistance > 19 mOhms). 60 nm gold nanoparticles were obtained from BBI solutions. Concanavalin A and soybean agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin-120 were purchased from Vector Labs.

1-octadecene (ODE, technical grade, 90%), oleic acid (OA, technical grade, 90%), oleylamine (OLA, technical grade, 70%), lead(II) chloride (PbCl₂, 98%), lead(II) bromide (PbBr₂, 98%), lead(II) iodide (PbI₂, 98%), lead(II) thiocyanate (Pb(SCN)₂, 99.5%), lead(II) acetate trihydrate (Pb(OAc)₂·3H₂O, 99.99%), cesium(I) carbonate (Cs₂CO₃, 99%), dodecanethiol (DDT, 99.9%), and sulfur powder (S, 99.99%) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. All reagents were used as received without any further purification.

Tetrachloridoauric acid was either purchased from Merck KGaA, Germany, or prepared by dissolving gold powder in hot hydrochloric acid while a stream of chlorine was passed through. The zeolite beads (zeolite X, average pore diameter 10 Å) were obtained from Roth, Germany. Dodecanethiol, hexadecanethiol, and Ellman’s reagent (5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Technical ethanol (99%, denatured with 1% petroleum ether) was supplied by Brenntag, Germany. Ethanol “for spectroscopy” (Uvasol), “pro analysi”, and “HPLC grade” (LiChrosolv) were purchased from Merck KGaA, Germany.

All chemicals were used as purchased, without
any further purification: tetrachloroauric (III) acid trihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich,
≥99.9% trace metals basis), formaldehyde solution 37–41%
(Fischer Chemical, analytical reagent grade, stabilized with ca. 12%
methanol), dodecylamine (Acros Organics, 98%), dodecanethiol (Sigma-Aldrich,
≥98%), oleylamine (TCI, >50%), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
(Fisher Chemicals, ≥97%), tetrabutylammonium bromide (Sigma-Aldrich,
ACS reagent, ≥98.0%). All reagents for organic synthesis were
obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The reaction products were purified by
column chromatography using SiliCycle Silia Flash P60 (40–63
μm, 60 Å) at an atmospheric pressure or by crystallization.
Thin-layer chromatography was performed using a silica gel 60 Å
F254 (Merck) precoated aluminum substrate and visualized using iodine
vapor and/or a UV lamp (254 nm). All solvents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.

The following chemicals were obtained from commercial suppliers and used as received: the polymer poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) 50 : 50 (PLGA; M_W 38 000–54 000 Da, T_g 46–50 °C), under the commercial name of Resomer® RG 504 was purchased from Boehringer Ingelheim (Ingelheim, Germany) and Evonik Industries (Evonik Röhm GmbH, Germany). Sodium cholate, chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄·3H₂O), sodium citrate tribasic dehydrate ≥99.0% (Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O), PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) M_W 85 000–124 000 Da, 97–99% hydrolyzed, taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate ≥95% (TLC), ethyl acetate ACS reagent, dodecanethiol, phosphotungstic acid hydrate as a contrast agent for microscopy and fluorescent molecule pyrene ≥99.0% were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).

Bismuth chloride (BiCl₃, 98% purity),
antimony chloride (SbCl₃, 98% purity), Te powder (99.8%
purity), oleic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₇CH=CH(CH₂)₇COOH), 1-octadecene (CH₃(CH₂)₁₅CH=CH₂, ≥95.0% purity), thioglycolic
acid (TGA, HSCH₂COOH, 98% purity), tributyl phosphate (TBP,
(CH₃(CH₂)₃O)3PO, 97%), (1-methoxy-2-propyl)
acetate (MPA, CH₃COOCH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₃, ≥96.0% purity), dodecanethiol (DDT, CH₃(CH₂)₁₁SH, 98% purity), and poly (methyl methacrylate)
(PMMA, [CH₂C(CH₃)(CO₂CH₃)]_n, average M_w ∼ 15 kDa) were all received from Sigma-Aldrich (Sweden) and
used as-received, without further purification.

Ammonium fluoroborate (NH₄BF₄), dodecanethiol, tripotassium phosphate (K₃PO₄), 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid, dichloromethane (DCM), hydrochloric acid (HCl), magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), hexane, 4-(dimethylamino) pyridine, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, penta-fluorophenol (PFP), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEA), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA), toluene, methanol, mesitylene, dibenzocyclooctyne-amine (DBCO-NH₂), propyl amine, paraformaldehyde, phosphate-buffered saline preformulated tablets, dimethylformamide, N-(5-fluoresceinyl)maleimide, calcium chloride (CaCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co Ltd. (Gillingham, UK) and used without further purification. Dulbecco phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), N-azidoacetylmannosamine-tetraacylated (Ac₄ManNAz), and BD FACSFlow Sheath Fluid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). α2-3,6,8,9 Neuraminidase A (316 000 units·mg⁻¹) was purchased from New England BioLabs (UK) LTD (Hitchin).