For IP AAV9 injections, ~1×1012 vg was delivered through glass pipettes into P0-P1 animals after the animals were anesthetized with ice.
For all parenchymal AAV1 injections, viruses were diluted to final concentrations of 3×1012-1×1013 vg/mL each before injection. 3-4 injections were made on different sites and 50-100 nL was injected at each site. For non-stereotactic cortical AAV1 injections, P1-P3 animals were anesthetized with ice, and viruses were injected into the cortex using glass pipettes directly through the skulls. For stereotactic cortical AAV1 injections, P21 animals were anesthetized with isoflurane, and viruses were injected into S1 forelimb area using glass pipettes through drilled holes in the skull. For spinal cord AAV1 injections, P12-P14 animals were anesthetized with isoflurane, and viruses were injected into the cervical spinal cord using glass pipettes directly through the meninges.