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35 protocols using irdye 800cw anti rabbit igg

1

Western Blot Analysis of Muscle Proteins

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Muscle homogenates were prepared as previously described (18 (link),25 (link)). Protein was loaded on a 4%–20% gel (Bio-Rad, Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Gel) and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane overnight at 30 mA at 4°C. Membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 hour and then incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C (anti-polyubiquitin, Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, 1:1,000; OXPHOS, MitoSciences, Eugene, OR; α-tubulin, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). Membranes were then incubated with secondary antibody for 1 hour (IRDye 800CW anti-Rabbit IgG and IRDye 680RD anti-Mouse IgG; Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE). Protein bands were visualized as described above. The amount of poly-ub proteins was normalized to tubulin. Gel-to-gel variation was controlled for by using a standardized sample on each gel.
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2

Western Blotting of Cellular and Exosomal Proteins

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Western blotting was performed as previously described30 (link). Total protein from cells (10 μg) and exosomes (10 μg) was fractionated using an electrophoretic gradient across Mini-PROTEAN tris-glycine extended gels (BIO-RAD, Richmond, CA, USA). Measurement of protein concentration was performed using a Bradford Protein Assay Kit (Takara Bio), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The gels were then transferred onto Immun-Blot PVDF membranes (BIO-RAD) under wet electrophoretic conditions. The blotted protein was blocked for 1 hr at room temperature with Odyssey blocking buffer in PBS (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) and was followed by incubation overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: 1:1000 anti-CD63 mouse monoclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA); 1:1000 anti-cytochrome-c mouse monoclonal antibody (BD Biosciences); 1:1000 anti-calnexin rabbit monoclonal antibody (Abcam) and 1:1000 hFAB Rhodamine (#12004168 - Bio-Rad). Primary antibodies were detected by IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit IgG and IRDye 680RD anti-mouse IgG secondary antibodies (LI-COR) and were incubated with the protein-blotted membrane for 1 hr at room temperature. Fluorescence was then detected on the Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR).
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3

Purification and Detection of Protein Interactions

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The pull-down of endogenously expressed proteins with purified GST-fused proteins was performed using glutathione agarose beads (#745500.10, Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). Beads were coupled to the GST-fused protein for one hour at 4 °C while mixing and centrifuged for 5 min at 500× g. Excess protein was removed by three washing steps. Coupled beads were incubated with HEK293 lysate for one hour at 4 °C on a rotor and again washed 3 times. In the final step, beads were mixed with 1× Laemmli buffer and proteins were denatured at 95 °C for 5 min. Samples were evaluated via SDS-PAGE and western blotting using anti-GST (own antibody, mouse) and anti-IQGAP1 (NBP1-06529, Novus, Wiesbaden Nordenstadt, Germany, rabbit) primary antibodies and secondary antibodies: IRDye® 800 CW anti-Rabbit IgG and IRDye® 680 RD anti-Mouse IgG from LiCor. Values were analyzed by using multiple t test analysis in GraphPad Prism 6 (one unpaired t test per row, fewer assumptions by analyzing each row individually).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of TMEM97 and PGRMC1

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Cells were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 150 mM NaCl, 1.0% IGEPAL® CA-630, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 50 mM Tris, pH 8.0 supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail, and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail 2 and 3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The cells were sonicated briefly, centrifuged at 13,000×g for 20 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant collected. The protein concentration was determined using a Bio-Rad Dc protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Lysates containing 20 µg of protein were run on a 4–20% acrylamide gel and transferred to a PVDF membrane using the Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). The PVDF membrane was incubated with Odyssey blocking buffer (Licor Biotechnology, Lincoln, NE) for 1 h at room temperature, then overnight with a rabbit anti-TMEM97 antibody (Aviva Systems Biology, San Diego, CA) at a 1:8000 dilution, or a rabbit anti-PGRMC1 antibody (Sigma-Aldrich) at a 1:1000 dilution at 4 °C, and finally with the secondary antibody, IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit IgG (Licor Biotechnology) at a 1:15,000 dilution. The signals were detected and quantified using the Odyssey® CLx Infrared Imaging System (Licor Biotechnology).
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5

HSP60 Knockdown in HEK293 Cells

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HSP60 was knocked down by transfecting 2×106 HEK293 cells with 2 nM of HSP60 Trilencer-27 Human siRNA (OriGene) using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). Controls were transfected with siRNA not targeting any human gene (Negative Control siRNA, Origene). Cells were collected 2 d after transfection and knockdown was confirmed by western blot analysis, using 3–8% Tris-Acetate gels (Invitrogen), anti-HSP60 Antibody (Abcam), IRDye® 800CW anti-rabbit IgG (LI-COR), and an Odyssey infrared imaging system [16 (link)]. The expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as control.
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6

Immunofluorescence and Western Blotting Protocols

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The following primary antibodies were used rabbit antiserum R18024 and R18611 [40] (link), rabbit anti-skeletal myosin heavy chain IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-EB1 (BD Biosciences), -β-tubulin (Thermo Scientific), -vinculin (VII-F9, [60] (link)), -GM130 (BD biosciences), -FLAG-M2 antibody (Sigma-Aldrich), and rat anti-FLAG tag (Stratagene). Secondary antibodies used for immunofluorescence studies were highly cross-absorbed Alexa Fluor 488 and 568 anti-rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 488 and 568 anti-mouse, and Alexa Fluor 488 anti-rat, all from Invitrogen. For western blotting secondary antibodies were IR-Dye 800cw anti-rabbit IgG (LI-COR) and anti-mouse Alexa 680 (Invitrogen).
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7

Exosome-induced Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Cells were plated in a 96-well plate and treated with 10 μg ml−1 exosomes for 2 h and then processed according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer. In brief, cells were fixed with 4% PFA and washed with 0.1% TritonX-100/PBS. Cells were then blocked using Odyssey blocking buffer for 1 h and stained overnight at 4°C with primary antibody in Odyssey blocking buffer containing 0.1% Tween-20. The next day cells were washed again and incubated with LI-COR secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature followed by fluorescent imaging using Odyssey. Antibodies against the following proteins were used: Src (1:100, Cell Signaling; 2109), p-Src (1:100, Cell Signaling; 2101), AKT (1:100, Cell Signaling; 9272), p-AKT (1:100, Cell Signaling; 9271), p38 (1:100, Cell Signaling; 9212), p-p38 (1:100, Cell Signaling; 9211), NF-κB (1:100, Cell Signaling; 3034), p-NF-κB (1:100, Cell Signaling; 3033), NFAT (1:100, Thermo Scientific; PA1-023), ILK (1:100, abcam; ab52480), FAK (1:100, abcam; ab40794) and GAPDH (1:100, Cell Signaling; 14C10). IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit IgG (1:800, LI-COR) were used as secondary antibodies.
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8

Western Blot Antibody Panel

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For western blot (WB), we used the following antibodies: rabbit polyclonal anti‐PAXX/C9orf142 (NovusBio, Littleton, CO, USA; NBP1‐94172, dilution 1 : 1000); rabbit polyclonal anti‐XLF (Bethyl, A300‐730A, 1 : 2000); swine polyclonal anti‐rabbit Ig‐HRP (Dako antibodies, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark; #P0399, 1 : 5000); mouse monoclonal anti‐XRCC4 (NovusBio, NBP1‐48053, 1 : 2000); mouse monoclonal anti‐β‐actin (Abcam, Cambridge, UK; ab8226, 1 : 2000); rabbit polyclonal anti‐mouse Ig‐HRP (Dako antibodies, #P0260, 1 : 5000); goat polyclonal anti‐mouse Ig‐HRP (Dako antibodies, #P0447, 1 : 5000); rat monoclonal anti‐AID (Active Motif, Carlsbad, CA, USA; #39886, 1 : 500) and secondary anti‐rat IgG, HRP‐linked (Cell signaling #7077, Cell Signaling, Leiden, The Netherlands; 1 : 5000); rabbit polyclonal anti‐UNG (custom‐made against murine UNG, 2 μg·mL−1); and IRDye 800CW anti‐rabbit IgG (Licor, Lincoln, NE, USA; #925‐32211, 1 : 15 000).
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9

Western Blot Protocol for Protein Detection

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Samples were diluted in 6xSMASH buffer (375 mM Tris.HCl pH 6.8, 35% Glycerol, 12% SDS, 0.1% bromophenol blue, 4.3 M β-mercaptoethanol), boiled for 10 min at 95 °C, separated on 6% polyacrylamide gel and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane by wet transfer in Tris/glycine buffer (100 V for 70 min at 4 °C). Membranes were blocked in TBST buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 0.9% NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, 5% w/v Marvel milk powder) for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C with gentle rocking. Membranes were washed three times for 10 min with TBST and incubated for 1 h with secondary antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase or IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit IgG (Li-COR). After washing three times for 10 min with TBST and one 10 min wash with PBS, bands were visualised either using ECL (GE Healthcare) or on Odyssey Fc Imaging System (Li-COR). Primary and secondary antibody dilutions are listed in Supplementary Table 2.
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10

Antibody-based Autophagy Assay

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Antibodies including anti-LC3B (ab48394), anti-SQSTM1 (ab109012), anti-EEA1 (ab2900), anti-Rab5 (ab18211), anti-Rab11a (ab65200), anti-Lamp1 (ab24170), anti-Lamp 2b(ab18529) were purchased from Abcam, GAPDH antibody (60004-1-Ig) was purchased from Proteintech, anti-NSs antibody was generated in our laboratory. E64d (E8640) and pepstatin A (P5318) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Conjugated antibodies including the IRDye 800CW goat anti-mouse IgG (926-32210) and IRDye 800CW anti-rabbit IgG (926–32211) were purchased from LI-COR. Fluorescent secondary antibodies including Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-mouse (SA00006-1) and anti-rabbit IgG (SA00006-2), Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated anti-mouse (SA00006-3) and anti-rabbit IgG (SA00006-4) were purchased from Proteintech. DAPI reagent (C0060) was purchased from Solarbio. EGFP-LC3B (11546, deposited by Toren Finkel) was purchased from Addgene. NS-GFP vector was re-constructed by cloning the SFTSV-NSs open reading frame into the pEGFP-N1 vector (preserved in our laboratory). Both siRNA directed against LC3B (GCUUACAGCUCAAUGCUAA) and negative control RNA was synthesized by GenePharma.
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