Fecal samples were diluted with 30 mL SM buffer (in a 50 mL centrifuge tube, Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) and spiked with each phage (Table 1 ) to a final concentration of 104 plaque forming units per milliliter (PFU/mL) respectively. Phage lysates were diluted with SM buffer to obtain the desired titer prior to spiking.
50 ml centrifuge tube
Manufactured by Sarstedt
Sourced in Germany
The 50 mL centrifuge tube is a laboratory equipment used for the collection and processing of fluid samples. It has a volume capacity of 50 milliliters and is designed to withstand centrifugation forces during sample separation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Whatman no 1, by Cytiva (2 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Whatman filter paper no 41, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
1290 serieshigh performance liquid chromatography, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Filtropur s 0, by Sarstedt (1 mentions)
Multiskan go spectrophotometer, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
10 protocols using 50 ml centrifuge tube
1
Quantitative Phage Spiking in Fecal Samples
2
Fungal Spore Suspension Preparation
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Malt extract agar (MEA) (Oxoid, Hampshire, United Kingdom) plates were inoculated with fungi from freezing stocks. The agar plates were incubated 7–9 days at 25 °C, except for M. plumbeus, which were grown at 15 °C. Spore suspensions were made according to a protocol described previously [19 (link)], briefly as follows. Suspension of conidia (hereafter called spores) were made by adding 25 mL 0.05% Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint-Louis, MO, USA) to the culture plate, followed by scraping with a sterile L-shaped spreader (VWR International, Radnor, PA, USA. Then, each spore suspension was vortexed for 30 s in a 50 mL centrifuge tube (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) with 8× g of sterilized glass beads (no. 1401/2; Assistant) and filtered through sterile glass wool (ACROS Organics, Geel, Belgium).
3
Testa Integrity Analysis under Waterlogging
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To assay for testa integrity/leakage under WL conditions 50 genotypes with contrasting responses (i.e., 25 tolerant and 25 sensitive RIL lines) to WL treatment were selected from the 108 RIL population. Testa color was categorized into two groups based on scoring scale of Pavelkova et al. (1986) , where 1–6 score for light and 7–8 for dark colored testa. In the WL-tolerant group all genotypes had dark testa, but the sensitive group comprised 3 dark and 22 light testa genotypes. The testa of tolerant parent (Kaspa) was dark in color, whereas the sensitive parent BM-3 had a light colored testa. The 50 genotypes were subjected to a submergence treatment with eight replications in a completely randomized design. An individual seed representing a replicate of each genotype was submerged in a 50 ml centrifuge tube (SARSTEDT, Germany) containing 40 ml of 0.5 mM CaSO4 solution and incubated in a germination cabinet at 25∘C temperature with 12:12 light–dark cycle for 6 d.
4
Extracting Bacterial DNA from Boot Swabs
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BS were placed in 125 mL plastic cups with screw cap and cut into small pieces with sterile scissors. In LI and LII, 100 mL of sterile physiologic salt solution (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were added and faecal material was rinsed off the boot swab pieces by automatically shaking at 200 rpm for 30 min. The eluate was transferred into a sterile 50 mL centrifuge tube (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht-Elsenroth, Germany). The supernatant was discarded after centrifugation for 15 min at 2000 x g.
In LIII, 3 g of cut BS were directly processed for bacterial culture and qPCR as described below.
In LIII, 3 g of cut BS were directly processed for bacterial culture and qPCR as described below.
5
Ultrasound-Assisted Metal Extraction from Sludge
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A sludge sample (250 mg for moist and 100 mg for dry sludge) was accurately weighed into a 50 mL centrifuge tube (Sarstedt) and 10 mL of aqua regia (HCl + HNO3) was added. The bottle was closed and placed into a 750 W, 37 kHz, Elmasonic P ultrasonic water bath supplied by Elma Schmidbauer GmbH. The ultrasound-assisted extraction was carried out at a temperature of 60 °C. The sonication was conducted in the series of 8 x 3 minutes. After each sonification step the samples were shaken by hand. After cooling, the sample solution was filtered (Whatman no. 41 filter paper) into a 50 mL volumetric flask. The residue was washed three times with a few milliliters of water and diluted with high purity water to a volume of 50 mL.
6
Extraction and LC-MS/MS Analysis of Milled Wheat
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Milled wheat samples
were extracted in 50 mL centrifuge tubes (Sarstedt, Nürnbrecht,
Germany) with a solid/liquid ratio (1:4, m/v) by mixing 5 g of solid
material with the extraction solvent (acetonitrile/water/acetic acid
79:20:1, v/v/v) in a GFL 3017 rotary shaker for 90 min (GFL, Burgwedel,
Germany). Thereafter, 500 μL of the extract were transferred
to autosampler vials and diluted (1:1, v/v) with the extraction solvent
(acetonitrile/water/acetic acid 79:20:1, v/v/v). After proper homogenization,
5 μL of the extract was analyzed with LC–MS/MS with a
QTrap 5500 LC–MS/MS System (Applied Biosystems, USA) provided
with TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source and 1290 Series
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Agilent, Germany).
Detailed information on the instrumental conditions, calibration,
and validation of the reference method (including proficiency testing
result) is given in Sulyok et al.34 (link)
were extracted in 50 mL centrifuge tubes (Sarstedt, Nürnbrecht,
Germany) with a solid/liquid ratio (1:4, m/v) by mixing 5 g of solid
material with the extraction solvent (acetonitrile/water/acetic acid
79:20:1, v/v/v) in a GFL 3017 rotary shaker for 90 min (GFL, Burgwedel,
Germany). Thereafter, 500 μL of the extract were transferred
to autosampler vials and diluted (1:1, v/v) with the extraction solvent
(acetonitrile/water/acetic acid 79:20:1, v/v/v). After proper homogenization,
5 μL of the extract was analyzed with LC–MS/MS with a
QTrap 5500 LC–MS/MS System (Applied Biosystems, USA) provided
with TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source and 1290 Series
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Agilent, Germany).
Detailed information on the instrumental conditions, calibration,
and validation of the reference method (including proficiency testing
result) is given in Sulyok et al.34 (link)
7
Pore Water Ammonium Extraction and Analysis
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Sediment frozen at −20°C sampled during the September 2018 campaign was thawed and 20 ml of sediment was transferred into 50 ml centrifuge tubes (Sarstedt). Pore water was extracted by centrifugation at 2200 × g at 9°C followed by filtration of 10 ml supernatant through a 0.45 μm polyethersulfone membrane filter (Filtropur S 0.45, Sarstedt). The pore water was then stored at −20°C until NH4+ analyses. Pore water samples were analyzed colorimetrically (Multiskan GO spectrophotometer, Thermo Scientific) for ammonium concentrations and the modified salicylate-hypochlorite method of Bower and Holm-Hansen (1980) (link) was used.
8
Quantifying Herbicide Particle Drift
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Before the applications, 125-mm diameter filter papers (Whatman no. 1; Whatman, Maidstone, United Kingdom) were attached to a 15-by 15-cm cardboard sheet placed horizontally at the soybean canopy height outside of the treated area just prior to herbicide application to determine particle drift. The filter papers were collected 30 min after application and placed in individual 50-mL centrifuge tubes (Sarstedt AG & Co., Nümbrecht, Germany). Samples were stored in coolers containing dry ice until transfer to storage at -20 C before analysis.
9
Organic vs. Conventional Leek Analysis
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Organically grown (n=40) and conventionally grown (n=40) whole leeks were sourced from trusted suppliers in Belgium. A further batch of organically grown (n=134) and conventionally grown (n=108) whole leeks were sourced from a mixture of the same and different trusted suppliers in Belgium. The leeks were maintained at a temperature of 4 °C from shortly after harvest to the point they were delivered to the laboratory. Three subsamples were taken from each leek; one from the top of the leaf, one from the centre of the stem and one from the point where the root attaches to the stem. The samples were then stored at -45 °C prior to further processing.
The frozen samples were homogenized using a compact kitchen food processor and stored in 50-mL centrifuge tubes (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany). The samples were then freezedried using a Lablyo freeze drier (Frozen in Time, York, United Kingdom) for two separate 24hour periods. The dried material was then stored at -45 °C.
The frozen samples were homogenized using a compact kitchen food processor and stored in 50-mL centrifuge tubes (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany). The samples were then freezedried using a Lablyo freeze drier (Frozen in Time, York, United Kingdom) for two separate 24hour periods. The dried material was then stored at -45 °C.
10
Deposition Assessment of 2,4-D Choline
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Prior to 2,4-D choline application, 150-mm-diameter filter papers (Whatman no.1; Whatman, Maidstone, United Kingdom) were each affixed to an individual 15-cm by 15-cm cardboard slab that were positioned horizontally at the height of soybean canopy at multiple locations within (in-swath), upwind, and downwind of Weed Technology the treated area. For the in-swath assessments, eight and 10 filters were placed throughout the treated area in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Six filters were placed in three downwind transects and one upwind transect at 0.76 m, 1.52 m, 3.05 m, 6.10 m, 11.51 m, and 24.38 m starting from the edge of the treated area (Figure 1). Filter papers were collected 30 min after application, placed in 50-mL centrifuge tubes (Sarstedt AG & CO., Numbrecht, Germany), and transported to -20 C cold storage until overnight shipment for analysis. The upwind filters were collected before downwind filters and filters were collected from the farthest distance from the treated area inward in order to avoid contamination among samples. A separate team of individuals collected in-swath filters to avoid contamination.
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