Fluoxetine hydrochloride (generously donated by Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, IN, USA) and desipramine hydrochloride (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were mixed fresh daily, dissolved in 0.9% sterile saline (vehicle), and administered i.p. in a volume of 3 ml/kg. The 5 mg/kg fluoxetine dose was selected based on reports that higher doses elevated thresholds in naïve rats (32 (link), 33 (link)). The 10 mg/kg desipramine dose was selected based on reports that this dose did not alter thresholds in naïve rats, but decreased cocaine withdrawal-induced threshold elevations, reflecting an antidepressant-like effect (34 (link), 35 (link)).
Fluoxetine hydrochloride
Manufactured by Eli Lilly
Sourced in United States, France, China
Fluoxetine hydrochloride is a chemical compound used in the production of pharmaceutical products. It is a white or almost white crystalline powder, soluble in water and alcohol. The compound is commonly used as a raw material in the manufacturing of various medications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Desipramine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sitagliptin phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mangiferin, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (1 mentions)
Neomangiferin, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (1 mentions)
Milli q system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Inverted microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)
125i rti 55, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Nicotine tartrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bromodeoxyuridine (brdu), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
12 protocols using fluoxetine hydrochloride
1
Antidepressant Effects on Reward Thresholds
2
Chronic Mild Stress Rat Model
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Thirty rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control group, CMS+Saline group and CMS+fluoxetine group. Fluoxetine hydrochloride (Lilly, France) was dissolved in physiological saline (0.9%) and administered p.o. daily at a dose of 2 mg/kg for 3 weeks of CMS. Animals in saline group were administered with same volume of saline.
3
Comparing CHSGS and Fluoxetine for Depression
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After the baseline SPECT, antidepressant treatment (either CHSGS or fluoxetine) was started. Oral CHSGS taken by 20 patients of CHSGS group. According to The People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia 1st volume conventional dosage, the CHSGS prescription and dosage are as follows: Radix bupleuri 9 g, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium 9 g, Szechwan Lovage rhizome 9 g, Nutgrass Galingale rhizome 9 g, Fructus aurantii 9 g, Paeonia 15 g, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis 5 g. All herbal medicines were purchased from Hunan Herbal Materials Company (Changsha, China) and authenticated by Professor P. Lei, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. All herbal medicines were put into the casserole with water immerse 60 min and decocted 60 min, subsequently, taking TCM juice 300 mL twice daily. These patients were administered at the set of CHSGS twice daily for 8 weeks.
The other 13 patients with major depression received fluoxetine treatment and adjusted to standard therapeutic dose 20-40 mg QD., for 8 weeks. Fluoxetine hydrochloride was purchased from Eli Lilly and Company (Suzhou, China). The healthy group did not received any drug treatment in the period of 8 weeks.
The other 13 patients with major depression received fluoxetine treatment and adjusted to standard therapeutic dose 20-40 mg QD., for 8 weeks. Fluoxetine hydrochloride was purchased from Eli Lilly and Company (Suzhou, China). The healthy group did not received any drug treatment in the period of 8 weeks.
4
Fluoxetine Administration for Post-CCI Pain
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Fluoxetine hydrochloride (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) was suspended in 0.9% saline and administered once daily from day 7 to day 21 after the CCI surgery. The drug was administered through the orogastric gavage route with a single injection volume of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg in 3 mL).
5
Preparation and Formulation of Drug Suspensions
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RES was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Sitagliptin phosphate (Januvia) was produced by Merck Sharp Dohme Ltd. Rosiglitazone was produced by Chengdu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Fluoxetine hydrochloride (Prozac) was provided by Eli Lilly Pharmaceuticals. Donepezil hydrochloride (Haosen) was produced by Jiangsu Haosen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. All the drugs were dissolved in an aqueous solution of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for a mixed suspension.
6
Phytochemical Analysis of Baihe and Zhimu
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Baihe (Lilium brownii var. viridulum) and Zhimu (Rhizoma anemarrhenae) were purchased from Shanghai Kangqiao Chinese Medicine Tablet Co., Ltd. (Shanghai China) and authenticated by Dr. Zhixiong Li (Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, China). Mangiferin, neoMangiferin, timosaponin BII, timosaponin BIII and timosaponin AIII (purity > 98%) were supplied by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China), and fluoxetine hydrochloride was provided by Eli Lilly & Co., Ltd. (Indianapolis, USA). HPLC-grade agents, including methanol, acetonitrile and formic acid, were obtained from Merck & Co., Inc. (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and were of analytical grade. The deionized water was purified by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
7
Fluoxetine's Apoptotic Effects in Cells
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Fluoxetine hydrochloride (Eli Lilly, Patheon France, France) was added to the media at the following concentrations: 0.5, 0.8, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20 and 30 µmol/l for 5 days at 37°C with 5% CO2, and the media were replaced on days 0 and 3. Cells cultured in drug-free medium were considered the control group. Morphological alterations were observed at day 5 in all plates using an inverted microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and the cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect the apoptotic markers Annexin V and caspase-3.
8
Antidepressant Effect of JDTL in Rats
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We used male SD (Sprague Dawley) rats (License No. SCXK 2016-0011) weighing 200–220 g supplied by the Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. Rats were reared at 25 ± 1°C and 65 ± 5% temperature and humidity, with a 12 h light-dark cycle. All rats were adapted to the environment for about one week and had free access to food and water. Try to minimize animal suffering during experiments. The Committee approved the procedures and ethics guidelines for Experimental Animal Use and Care of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): control group, model group, fluoxetine (10 mg kg−1) group (Liang et al., 2015 (link); Sun et al., 2017 (link)), JDTL low group (2 g kg−1) and JDTL high group (4 g kg−1). The JDTL Granules and fluoxetine were intragastrically administrated from the first day of the surgery until the behavioral test. Rats in the control and the model group were given the same volume of drinking water. The dosage of drugs was updated according to the weight of rats weekly. Fluoxetine hydrochloride obtained from Lilly (NO. 5198A, Suzhou, China).
Rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): control group, model group, fluoxetine (10 mg kg−1) group (Liang et al., 2015 (link); Sun et al., 2017 (link)), JDTL low group (2 g kg−1) and JDTL high group (4 g kg−1). The JDTL Granules and fluoxetine were intragastrically administrated from the first day of the surgery until the behavioral test. Rats in the control and the model group were given the same volume of drinking water. The dosage of drugs was updated according to the weight of rats weekly. Fluoxetine hydrochloride obtained from Lilly (NO. 5198A, Suzhou, China).
9
Quercetin Compound Characterization
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Quercetin was provided by Haoyang Biotechnology Co, LTD. (Xi'an, Shanxi, China) with the purity 95%, and the structure of quercetin is shown in Figure 1
10
Quantifying Dopamine Transporter Binding
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DA transporter ligand binding was performed as reported by Burhans et al.,11 (link) and Andrews et al.,42 (link) [125I]-RTI-55 was purchased from Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA). The slides were incubated in a solution of [125I]-RTI-55 (1098.7 µCi/ml, 2200 Ci/mmol) and protease inhibitor cocktail (PIC) diluted in a phosphate buffer (50 mM NaH2PO4; 50 mM NaHPO4; pH 7.4) 1:10 for 90 min at 4°C. We added 10 µM fluoxetine hydrochloride (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN) to block serotonin transporter binding. Thus the presence of GBR 12935 (1 μM) and fluoxetine hydrochloride (10 μM) were essential for non-specific binding. The slides were washed 3 times in ice-cold fresh phosphate buffer for 5 min each, after the incubation period. Following the final wash, the slides were quickly dipped once in ice-cold double distilled H2O to desalt thetissue and dried by a steady flow of air overnight at room temperature. DAT slides and an autoradiographic [125I] Microscale (Amersham Biosciences, Picataway, NJ) were exposed to Kodak BioMax MR-1 film (Amersham Biosciences) at 4°C for 24 hours.
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