The IA (≥99%, Junsei Chemical, Tokyo, Japan), acrylic acid (AA, 99%, Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), OS (99%, Daejung Chemicals, Siheung, Korea), and 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (Samchun Pure Chemicals, Pyeongtaek, Korea) were used as received without further purification. Ammonium persulfate (APS, reagent grade, 98%, Sigma Aldrich) was used as the initiator; 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDODA, 99%, Sigma Aldrich) was used as inner-crosslinker without purification. Methanol (95%, Samchun Pure Chemicals), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE, 99%, Sigma Aldrich), poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE, Mn = 275, Sigma Aldrich), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE, 98%, Sigma Aldrich), and diglycidyl ether (DGE, 98%, Sigma Aldrich) were used as the surface-crosslinkers without purification.
Poly ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether pegdge
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Italy
Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) is a bifunctional epoxy-terminated polymer. It is a clear, viscous liquid. PEGDGE can be used as a cross-linking agent in various applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acrylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 6 hexanediol diacrylate hdoda, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium thiocyanate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Magnesium sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q water system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate dibasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate monobasic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydroxyethyl cellulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chitosan ch, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Poly ε caprolactone pcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Poly l lactic acid, by NatureWorks (1 mentions)
Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tert butanol t buoh, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Direct q 3 uv water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using poly ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether pegdge
1
Synthesis of Crosslinked Polymer Hydrogels
2
Electrochemical Glucose Biosensor Fabrication
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All chemicals were of analytical
grade and used as received unless otherwise specified. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III), calcium chloride, glucose,
and potassium chloride were obtained from Fisher. Ammonium chloride,
citric acid, magnesium sulfate, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether
(PEGDGE), potassium thiocyanate, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate
dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic, and sulfuric acid were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich.
The enzyme GOx from Aspergillus
niger Type X-S (100 to 250 U mg–1) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. BOD from Myrothecium
verrucaria (1.2 U mg–1) was purchased
from Amano Enzymes, Japan.
The osmium redox polymer used, [Os(2,2′-bipyridine)2(polyvinylimidazole)10Cl]Cl denoted OsPVI, was
synthesized using literature procedures.21 (link),22 (link)All aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (18.2
MΩ cm–1) from a Milli-Q water system (Merck
Millipore, UK). Phosphate buffer (PB) at a concentration of 0.1 M
and pH 7.4 was prepared by dissolving sodium phosphate monobasic and
sodium phosphate dibasic in Milli-Q water. A stock solution of 2 M
glucose was prepared in PB and left overnight to allow the mutarotation
from α- to β-monomer.23 (link) The
glucose solution was kept at 4 °C and used within 2 weeks.
Synthetic saliva was prepared as previously described by Kim et
al.24 (link) and kept in dark and at room temperature.
grade and used as received unless otherwise specified. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III), calcium chloride, glucose,
and potassium chloride were obtained from Fisher. Ammonium chloride,
citric acid, magnesium sulfate, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether
(PEGDGE), potassium thiocyanate, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate
dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic, and sulfuric acid were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich.
The enzyme GOx from Aspergillus
niger Type X-S (100 to 250 U mg–1) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. BOD from Myrothecium
verrucaria (1.2 U mg–1) was purchased
from Amano Enzymes, Japan.
The osmium redox polymer used, [Os(2,2′-bipyridine)2(polyvinylimidazole)10Cl]Cl denoted OsPVI, was
synthesized using literature procedures.21 (link),22 (link)All aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (18.2
MΩ cm–1) from a Milli-Q water system (Merck
Millipore, UK). Phosphate buffer (PB) at a concentration of 0.1 M
and pH 7.4 was prepared by dissolving sodium phosphate monobasic and
sodium phosphate dibasic in Milli-Q water. A stock solution of 2 M
glucose was prepared in PB and left overnight to allow the mutarotation
from α- to β-monomer.23 (link) The
glucose solution was kept at 4 °C and used within 2 weeks.
Synthetic saliva was prepared as previously described by Kim et
al.24 (link) and kept in dark and at room temperature.
3
Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Synthesis
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Type A gelatin (pharmaceutical grade, 280 bloom, viscosity 4.30 mPs), produced from pig skin, was purchased from ITALGELATINE, Santa Vittoria d’Alba, Italy. Poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) (molecular weight 526 Da) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Milan, Italy. Ethylene diamine (EDA) was provided by Fluka, Milano, Italy. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (molecular weight ~90,000) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Milan, Italy. All materials were used without further purification.
4
Superabsorbent Polymer-Based Hydrogels
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Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) with a nominal weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 199,590 Da was purchased from Nature Works (Blair, NE) under the brand name Ingeo 2002D. The material was dried at 70 °C under vacuum for 12 h before use.
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 Da was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Milan, Italy) and used as received.
Cross-linked sodium polyacrylate, a superabsorbent polymer (SAP), was purchased from Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany) and had the brand name Produkt T 5066 F; its particle size was lower than 60 µM and its density was 0.7 g/cm3. It was dried at 60 °C under vacuum for 12 h before use.
Type A gelatin, G (pharmaceutical grade, 280 bloom, viscosity 4.30 mP, was kindly provided by Italgel (Cuneo, Italy). Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, (PEGDGE) (molecular weight 526 Da) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Milan, Italy). Chitosan, (CH) (molecular weight between 50,000 and 190,000 Da and degree of deacetylation 75–85%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co (Milan, Italy). Ethylene diamine (EDA), ethanol, and acetic acid were provided by Fluka (Milan, Italy).
All materials were used without further purification.
Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 Da was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Milan, Italy) and used as received.
Cross-linked sodium polyacrylate, a superabsorbent polymer (SAP), was purchased from Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany) and had the brand name Produkt T 5066 F; its particle size was lower than 60 µM and its density was 0.7 g/cm3. It was dried at 60 °C under vacuum for 12 h before use.
Type A gelatin, G (pharmaceutical grade, 280 bloom, viscosity 4.30 mP, was kindly provided by Italgel (Cuneo, Italy). Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether, (PEGDGE) (molecular weight 526 Da) was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Milan, Italy). Chitosan, (CH) (molecular weight between 50,000 and 190,000 Da and degree of deacetylation 75–85%) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co (Milan, Italy). Ethylene diamine (EDA), ethanol, and acetic acid were provided by Fluka (Milan, Italy).
All materials were used without further purification.
5
Kraft Lignin Synthesis and Characterization
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The softwood kraft lignin used in this work
(Indulin AT) was supplied by Ingevity. Poly(ethylene glycol)
diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE, Mn 500 g/mol), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate
(FeCl2·4H2O, analytical grade), hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt % in H2O),
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sulfuric acid were provided by Sigma-Aldrich
and used without any further purification. Sodium iodide (NaI), iodine
(I2), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), chloroplatinic
acid (H2PtCl6), ethanol, acetone, tert-butanol (t-BuOH), sodium carboxymethylcellulose
(NaCMC), and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Deionized water (DI-H2O, 18 MΩ cm–1 at 25 °C) was obtained by Direct-Q 3 UV Water Purification
System (Millipore). 2-[{4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydrocyclopento[b]indole-7-yl}methylidene]-cyanoacetic
acid (D131) was purchased from Inabata Europe S.A. Fluorine-doped
tin oxide (FTO) glass plates (sheet resistance 7 Ω sq–1, purchased from Solaronix) were cut
into 2 cm × 1.5 cm sheets and used as substrates for the fabrication
of both the photoanodes and the counter electrodes.
(Indulin AT) was supplied by Ingevity. Poly(ethylene glycol)
diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE, Mn 500 g/mol), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate
(FeCl2·4H2O, analytical grade), hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2, 30 wt % in H2O),
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sulfuric acid were provided by Sigma-Aldrich
and used without any further purification. Sodium iodide (NaI), iodine
(I2), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), chloroplatinic
acid (H2PtCl6), ethanol, acetone, tert-butanol (t-BuOH), sodium carboxymethylcellulose
(NaCMC), and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Deionized water (DI-H2O, 18 MΩ cm–1 at 25 °C) was obtained by Direct-Q 3 UV Water Purification
System (Millipore). 2-[{4-[4-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydrocyclopento[b]indole-7-yl}methylidene]-cyanoacetic
acid (D131) was purchased from Inabata Europe S.A. Fluorine-doped
tin oxide (FTO) glass plates (sheet resistance 7 Ω sq–1, purchased from Solaronix) were cut
into 2 cm × 1.5 cm sheets and used as substrates for the fabrication
of both the photoanodes and the counter electrodes.
6
Biopolymer-based Composite Scaffold Fabrication
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Poly(L-lactic acid) (Raise3D PLA Premium filament, density 1.2 g/cm) was kindly supplied by Raise 3D Technologies, Inc., (Irvine, CA, USA).
Pharmaceutical grade type A gelatin (280 bloom, viscosity 4.30 mPs) was provided by Italgelatine (Cuneo, Italy). Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) (molecular weight 526 Da) and chitosan (molecular weight 50,000 ÷ 190,000 Da, degree of deacetylation 75–85%) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co., (Milan, Italy). Ethylene diamine (EDA) and acetic acid were provided by Fluka (Milan, Italy).
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy.
Pharmaceutical grade type A gelatin (280 bloom, viscosity 4.30 mPs) was provided by Italgelatine (Cuneo, Italy). Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) (molecular weight 526 Da) and chitosan (molecular weight 50,000 ÷ 190,000 Da, degree of deacetylation 75–85%) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co., (Milan, Italy). Ethylene diamine (EDA) and acetic acid were provided by Fluka (Milan, Italy).
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy.
7
Gelatin-Dextran Hydrogel Synthesis
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Type A gelatin (G) (pharmaceutical grade, 280 bloom, viscosity 4.30 mPs, produced from pig skin) was purchased from Italgelatine, Cuneo, Italy. Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) (molecular weight 526 Da) and Dextran (D) (molecular weight 70,000 Da) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co, Milan, Italy. Aminated dextran (D-NH2) (molecular weight = 70,000 Da and degree of polysaccharide ring amination = 30–40%) was prepared starting from the same dextran following a procedure described below. In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl chloroformate and ethylene diamine were purchased from Fluka, Milano, Italy.
DMEM, L-glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin, sodium pyruvate, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), xylene, ethanol, Paraplast and poly-l-lysine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Amphotericin B and MEM Non Essential Amino Acids Solution were purchased from Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA. Hematoxylin–eosin stain (H&E) and Von Kossa stain were purchased from Bio-Optica, Milan, Italy. Masson–Goldner Trichrome stain was purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
DMEM, L-glutamine, penicillin-streptomycin, sodium pyruvate, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), xylene, ethanol, Paraplast and poly-l-lysine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Amphotericin B and MEM Non Essential Amino Acids Solution were purchased from Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Madison, WI, USA. Hematoxylin–eosin stain (H&E) and Von Kossa stain were purchased from Bio-Optica, Milan, Italy. Masson–Goldner Trichrome stain was purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
8
Chitosan-based Fluorescent Nanomaterials
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Low molecular weight chitosan (CS) (degree of deacetylation (DD) 93.3 %, MW 60 KDa) was purchased from (Acros, Belgium). Isatin (indoline-2,3-dione) or 5-fluoroisatin (5-fluoroindoline-2,3-dione), were purchased from (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Glacial acetic acid, acetic acid, sodium chloride, thiosemicarbazide, and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) were provided from (Edwic, Egypt). Poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) was purchased from (Sigma-Aldrich, Japan). Absolute ethanol and dimethylformamide (DMF) were provided from (Merck, Germany) and (Caloarba, France) respectively. All aqueous solutions were prepared using distilled water.
9
Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Fabrication
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Screen-printed carbon electrodes (Electrodag 423SS, Acheson, CA, USA) were prepared in-house on OHP films using a screen-printing machine (BS-860AP, Bando, Jeonamdo, Korea). Glucose oxidase (GOx) derived from Aspergillus niger (243 U/mg) was purchased from Amano Enzyme Inc. (Nagoya, Japan). Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) from Myrothecium verrucaria (10.5 U/mg, B0390), ammonium hexachloroosmate (IV), 4,4'dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE), sodium hydrosulfite, 1-vinylimidazole, and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, 4.3 mM NaH 2 PO 4 , 15.1 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , and 140 mM NaCl) and all other aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized Milli-Q water (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The mediator named PVI-[Os(dmo-bpy) 2 Cl]+/2+ was provided by Prof. Hyug-Han Kim's group. All chemicals used were of analytical grade.
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