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Fe20 plus

Manufactured by Mettler Toledo
Sourced in China

The Mettler Toledo FE20 Plus is a laboratory instrument designed for pH and ion concentration measurements. It features a high-resolution backlit display, intuitive user interface, and support for a variety of electrodes and sensors. The FE20 Plus provides accurate and reliable results for a wide range of applications in the laboratory setting.

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4 protocols using fe20 plus

1

Soil Sampling and Characterization Protocol

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In June 2016, after wheat harvest, samples were aseptically taken from the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers using a five-point sampling method. The samples were stored in polyethylene bags at low temperature and immediately returned to the laboratory. Then, the samples were sieved to remove roots, rocks, and litter. Approximately 100 g of sieved soil was subjected to different aggregate classifications and subsequently frozen at −80 °C for fungal community analysis. The residual portions of soil samples were further air-dried for physicochemical property determination.
Soil pH was measured by potentiometry with a soil-water ratio of 1:2.5 (Mettler Toledo FE20 Plus, Shanghai, China). Gravimetric moisture content was determined by weighing the soil, followed by drying the soil samples at 105 °C for 24 h and weighing the soil again. NH4+–N and NO3–N were assayed with Nessler’s reagent and the phenol disulfonic acid colorimetric methods, respectively. SOC and total nitrogen (TN) contents were determined with an elemental analyzer (Elementar, Langenselbold, Germany) and the KDN-08C automatic nitrogen determination instrument (Xinrui, Shanghai, China), respectively.
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2

Comprehensive Water Quality Analysis

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Total chlorine and free chlorine were determined immediately after sampling based on the dipropyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method (Spectroquant® chlorine test, EPA 330.5, US Standard Methods 4500-Cl2 G, and EN ISO 7393). The combined chlorine was the subtraction between total chlorine and free chlorine. The conductivity was monitored by a potable conductivity meter (Myron L's Ultrameter II 4P, USA). The solution pH was determined by a pH meter (FE20 Plus, Mettler Toledo). The UV254 was determined by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-1800PC, Mapada) running under a wavelength of 254 nm. The turbidity was measured by a turbidity meter (HACH 2100Q, UAS). TOC and DOC were determined by a TOC analyser (TOC-V CPN, Shimadzu, Japan). TN was determined by a DBR200 digester and a DR3900 spectrophotometer (HACH, USA).
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3

Juice Quality Analysis Protocol

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The pH value was measured using a digital pH meter (FE20 Plus, Mettler‐Toledo, China). The titratable acidity (TA) was determined by using 0.1 M NaOH solution to titrate the 20‐fold diluted juice, and phenolphthalein served as the pH indicator. The results were expressed as g/L, with malic acid as the reference. The total soluble solid (TSS) was measured using a refractometer (PAL‐1, Atago, Japan), and the result was expressed as °Brix. Besides, the TSS/TA is calculated as the ratio of TSS content to TA content. The turbidity was determined using a turbidimeter (ET76910, Lovibond, Germany). Before testing, all the juices were diluted 10‐fold with distilled water.
Based on the CIE color system, the color values of the juices were measured using a colorimeter (NS800, 3nh, China). The L*, a*, and b* values correspond to lightness, greenness (−a*) or redness (+a*), and blueness (−b*) or yellowness (+b*), respectively. The total color difference (ΔE) was calculated using the following equation: ΔE=[(LL0)2+(aa0)2+(bb0)2]0.5
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4

Physicochemical Analysis of Apple Ciders

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The pH of apple ciders was determined using a pH meter (FE20 Plus, Mettler-Toledo) at 22 ± 1 °C, under continuous stirring (400 rpm). The total soluble solid (TSS) was measured by using a refractometer (Atago RX-1000) at 22 ± 1 °C and the result was expressed as °Brix. The titratable acidity (TA) was measured by titrating with 0.1 M NaOH to a pH end-point with phenolphthalein (pH = 8.1 ± 0.1). The results were expressed as gram of malic acid per liter of apple cider (g MA/L). All assays were carried out in triplicate.
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