Cu cpt22

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), RPMI 1640 medium, penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), PMA and LPS was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (Poole, Dorset, UK). CU-CPT22 and CU-CPT4a were purchased from MedChemExpress (NJ, USA).
Female hairless, nonpigmented mice (Crl:Skh1- Hr^hr/Hr^hr), referred herein as SKH:HR-1 mice, were a gift from Tzu-Kai Lin, M.D. (Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan), who obtained them from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). SKH:HR-1 mice with the hr hypomorphic allele, are widely used as a substitute for human skin to measure percutaneous drug penetration, UVR irradiation damage, and wound healing.
Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were a gift from Professor Hamm-Ming Sheu (Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan). The cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, NY, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, NY, USA), 5% CO2 at 37 °C. Human monocyte THP-1 cells (BCRC #60,430) were obtain from the cell bank of Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC).

T10 and human wild-type αSyn were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) was purchased from Abcam (USA), while miR155-5p mimics, inhibitor, and negative control were purchased from Rio Bio (Guangzhou, China). The pRL-TK plasmids were purchased from GenePharma (Shanghai, China). SHIP1 siRNA and scrambled control siRNA were purchased from GeneChem (Shanghai, China). Lipofectamine 2000 and Lipofectamine RNAiMAX were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). TNFα and IL-1β enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were purchased from Abcam (USA). Cu-CPT22, resatorvid, E6446, and 3α-aminocholestane (3AC) were purchased from MedchemExpress (New Jersey, USA). Antibodies against IRAK1, TRAF6, p-IKKα/β, IKKα/β, NF-κB (p65), p-NF-κB (phospho-p65), PI3K (p85), p-PI3K (phosphor-p85), t-Akt, p-Akt, SHIP1, and β-actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Goat anti-rabbit and goat anti-mouse secondary antibodies were purchased from Boster (Wuhan, China). Alexa Fluor 568 anti-rabbit secondary antibody and DAPI were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay kit was purchased from Roche (Basel, Switzerland).