with a multiplex bead-based immunoassay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo, Japan).
These mediators included eotaxin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF),
granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1α,
IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-17A,
keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
(MCP-1)
inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed
and secreted (RANTES), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Data from the measurements were
acquired and analyzed using the Bio-Plex suspension array system (Luminex 100 system;
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.), and the concentrations of each cytokine were determined using
Bio-Plex Manager Version 4.1 software [21 (link)]. Data
are expressed in terms of picogram of cytokine per milliliter of serum
(pg/ml).