An ultrasonic sonotrode (HD 2200, GM 2200, KE 76, Bandelin electronic GmbH & Co. KG) was used for de‐agglomeration of magnetic particles. The operating frequency was 20 kHz at a power of 200 W. The sonotrode tip was immersed 3 cm into the 0.4 L magnetic particle suspension, which was sonicated for 1 min at an amplitude of 19–23%, corresponding to a power input of 52.3 kW·m–3. After the ultrasound treatment was performed, the respective magnetic particle suspension was replenished to the required volume to achieve a magnetic particle concentration of cB = 1.6–2.1 g·L–1.
Ke 76
Manufactured by Bandelin
Sourced in Germany
The KE 76 is a laboratory equipment product from Bandelin. It serves as a compact ultrasonic cleaning device for small items and parts.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
6 protocols using ke 76
1
Ultrasonic De-agglomeration of Magnetic Particles
2
Polyphenol Extraction from Plant Leaves
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The extraction of polyphenols was performed according to the methods reported by Ebrahimi et al. (2022) with some minor modifications [57 (link)]. CE was carried out by macerating the leaves in EtOH:water 14:6 (v/v) for 24 h at 25 °C. UAE was performed using an ultrasound apparatus (HD 2200.2, Bandelin, Berlin, Germany) connected to a 6 mm titanium probe (KE 76, Bandelin, Berlin, Germany) which was immersed for 2 m in the mixture. Figure 6 shows the assembly of the used UAE system. The UAE conditions were as follows: 200 W output power, 25% amplitude, 20 kHz frequency, and 15 min extraction time. The extraction was performed in two consecutive cycles, and the combined extracts were used for further analysis. During the UAE, the extracting cell was placed in a beaker containing ice to prevent increasing the temperature. Distilled water/EtOH:water 14:6 (v/v) was used as the extracting solvent for UAE. For both UAE and CE methods, the solid:liquid ratio was 1:20 (w/v), and after the extraction processes, the obtained mixtures were centrifuged at 4000× g and 4 °C for 10 min. The extracts were filtered with Whatman No. 1 filters and stored at −18 °C until the analytical measurements. The extraction processes were performed in triplicate.
3
Magnetic Particle Dispersion using Ultrasonic Sonotrode
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An ultrasonic sonotrode (consisting of GM 2200, HD 2200, KE 76, Bandelin electronic GmbH & Co. KG) with an operating frequency of 20 kHz and a power of 200 W was used to disperse or de‐agglomerate magnetic particle suspensions. The sonotrode tip was immersed 3 cm into the sample, which was thereby placed in a 50 mL Falcon tube or a 1 L measuring cup, respectively and sonicated at an amplitude of 19‐23%.
4
Ultrasonic Extraction of Apple Pomace
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The extraction mixture, prepared by mixing 10 g of apple pomace powder with 100 mL of water-citric acid solution with a pH of 1.8, was sonicated for 30 min at 100% amplitude (20 kHz, maximum power of 70 W) using an ultrasonic device (Sonopuls HD 2070, Bandelin, Germany) with a flat tip probe (KE 76, Bandelin, Germany) that was submerged 15 mm deep into the mixture.
5
Purification of Cyanobacterial Chromophore Proteins
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GtCPES and all variants as well as CpcS were produced and purified as described before (14, 28) PmCpeB and CpcB were produced expressing pCOLAcpeB, pCOLAcpeB_C82A or pCOLAcpcB in E. coli BL21(DE3)-RIL. Cells were grown at 37 °C in LB medium supplemented with 50 µg/ml kanamycin, and for cpeB with 100 mM D-sorbitol and 2.5 mM betaine to OD 578 nm of 0.5 -0.6. Subsequently, cells were induced by isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG; 0.5 mM) and incubated overnight at 17 °C. Cells were harvested by centrifugation, resuspended in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 10% Glycerol) and lysed by two or three passages through LM10 Microfluidizer® High Shear fluid homogenizer (Microfluidics) (cpeB, cpcB, gtCPES constructs) at 19.000 psi or by three times 3 min sonification (50%, KE76, Sonopuls HD6600, Bandelin) (only gtCPES constructs). PmCpeB, its variant PmCpeB_C82A and CpcB were purified by affinity chromatography using TALON® metal affinity resin (Clontech) and purification was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions based on sodium phosphate buffer (60 mM, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.5). For imidazole removing a dialysis against 100fold volume of sodium phosphate buffer (60 mM sodium phosphate, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.5) over night at 4 °C (120 rpm) was performed.
6
Ultrasonic Extraction of Apple Pomace
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The extraction mixture, prepared by mixing 10 g of apple pomace powder with 100 mL of water-citric acid solution with a pH of 1.8, was sonicated for 30 min at 100% amplitude (20 kHz, maximum power of 70 W) using an ultrasonic device (Sonopuls HD 2070, Bandelin, Germany) with a flat tip probe (KE 76, Bandelin, Germany) that was submerged 15 mm deep into the mixture.
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