The circRNAs were encapsulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) according to a previously described process (Ickenstein and Garidel, 2019 (
link)). First, the circRNA was diluted with
PNI Formulation Buffer (Precision NanoSystems, #NWW0043) to a final concentration of 170 μg/ml. Then, the lab-prepared or commercial LNP (Precision NanoSystems) were mixed with the circRNA solution at the volume ratio of 1:3 through the Ignite NxGen Cartridge (Precision NanoSystems, #NIT0002) using
NanoAssemblr Ignite (Precision NanoSystems). Then the LNP-circRNA formulations were diluted 40-fold with 1×PBS buffer (pH 7.2∼7.4) and concentrated by ultrafiltration with
Amicon® Ultra Centrifugal Filter Unit (Millipore). The concentration and encapsulation rate of circRNAs were measured by the
Quant-it RiboGreen RNA Assay Kit (Invitrogen, #R11490). The size of LNP-circRNA particles was measured using dynamic light scattering on a Malvern
Zetasizer Nano-ZS 300 (Malvern). Samples were irradiated with a red laser, and scattered light was detected. The results were analyzed to obtain an autocorrelation function using the software Zetasizer V7.13.
Qu L., Yi Z., Shen Y., Lin L., Chen F., Xu Y., Wu Z., Tang H., Zhang X., Tian F., Wang C., Xiao X., Dong X., Guo L., Lu S., Yang C., Tang C., Yang Y., Yu W., Wang J., Zhou Y., Huang Q., Yisimayi A., Liu S., Huang W., Cao Y., Wang Y., Zhou Z., Peng X., Wang J., Xie X.S, & Wei W. (2022). Circular RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Cell, 185(10), 1728-1744.e16.