Accu chek performa system

The db/db mouse was purchased from DBL (Korea). The db/db mouse (n = 5) was fasted for 16 hours and then orally administered at the volume of 5 g/kg glucose solution [12 (link)]. HFBF was treated at the volume of 100 mg/kg before treatment of the glucose. Blood samples, were obtained through the tail vein for 6 time points: 0 (before the HFBF administration), 10, 20, 40, 90, and 120 min after the glucose injection for the determination of blood glucose levels. Blood samples were obtained before gavage (time 0) and 10, 20, 40, 9, and 120 min after gavage for determination of blood glucose by ACCU-CHEK Performa System (Roche, South San Francisco, CA) [13 (link)].

In the glucose tolerance test, hamsters that had fasted for 16 h were injected intraperitoneally with 20% (w/v) glucose (2 g·kg⁻¹ body weight) and blood samples were collected from the retrobulbar vein 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min later to determine serum glucose using the Accu‐Chek Performa system (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). In the insulin tolerance test, hamsters that had fasted for 2 h were injected with recombinant insulin (0.75 U·kg⁻¹), blood samples were collected from the retrobulbar vein 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min later, and serum glucose was determined as previously described 7.

Body weight and serum glucose levels in mice were monitored every 2nd week. Mice were fasted overnight (12 h), blood samples were taken from a tail cut, and serum glucose levels were measured using the Accu-Chek Performa system (Roche, Switzerland). Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing (IPGTT) was performed 16 weeks after statin (Atorvastatin; Ator, Rosuvastatin; Rosu) administration. After overnight fasting (12 h), mice were intraperitoneally injected with glucose solution [2 g/kg of body weight, in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] and blood samples were obtained from the tail vein 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose injection. At the end of the experimental period, mice were sacrificed under ether anesthesia and blood was collected via cardiac puncture. Blood sample were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min to isolate serum. Serum was prepared to determine levels of total cholesterol, LDL, apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) using a biochemical analyzer (AU480, Beckman Coulter, United States).

Blood glucose levels were determined using a commercial blood glucometer (Accu-chek Performa System, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), serum lipid (triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were determined enzymatically using reagent kits and following the manufacturer instructions (Química Clínica Aplicada, Amposta, Spain). Serum insulin levels were measured by using a sandwich-type immunoassay (ELISA) commercial kit (80-INSRT-E01, E10, ALPCO Diagnostic, Salem, NY, USA).

Non-fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer (Accu-Chek Performa System; Roche, Switzerland). Blood samples were obtained from the tail of alert animals every 2 weeks (from week 14 to week 26).

Non-fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer (Accu-Chek Performa System, Roche, Basilea, Switzerland). The blood samples were obtained from the tail of alert animals. For biochemical parameters analysis, a group of mice were anesthetized by ketamine/xylazine and blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were assessed using the DCA2000 analyzer (Bayer Corporation, Leverkusen, Germany). Triglyceride levels were measured using the TG Color GPO/PAP colorimetric kit (Wiener Lab, Rosario, Argentina).

Insulin resistance occurs during middle age. Therefore, HOMA-IR was measured at 15 months of age. Fasting blood glucose of rats (15 months of age) was always measured immediately after sample collection using Accu-chek® performa system (Roche Diagnostics, Indiana, USA). Plasma insulin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Mercodia, Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). After 12 h fasting, blood was collected from tail into EDTA-contained tube and plasma was obtained after centrifugation at 4°C, 3000 rpm for 10 min. Optical density was read at 450 nm using ELISA reader (Tecan GENios, A-5082, Austria) and insulin level was expressed as μg/L. Insulin resistance index was calculated using fasting blood glucose and insulin level by a formula presented earlier [31 (link)].
To confirm whether the HOMA-IR results at 15 months of age is associated with insulin sensitivity, insulin tolerance test was also measured at 21 months of age. For the test, rats (21 months of age) were injected (I.P.) with insulin (0.3 U/kg BW, Humulin R, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) following 12 h fasting. Glucose (mg/dL) from tail blood was measured before and 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after insulin injection.