Deuterium oxide d2o

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Switzerland, China

Deuterium oxide, also known as heavy water, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless chemical compound with the molecular formula D2O. It is an isotopic variant of water, where the hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen. Deuterium oxide is commonly used as a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) solvent and in various scientific and research applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (9 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (8 mentions) Methacrylic anhydride, by Merck Group (8 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (7 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (6 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Trypsin edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Dmso d6, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Trifluoroacetic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions) 3 trimethylsilyl propionic 2 2 3 3 d4 acid sodium salt tsp d4, by Merck Group (4 mentions) 5 mm nmr tube, by Wilmad (4 mentions) Sodium deuterium oxide naod, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Glycine, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Phosphate buffer, by Merck Group (3 mentions)

160 protocols using deuterium oxide d2o

Analytical Standards for Cannabis Compounds

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Analytical grade chloroform and methanol were from Dorwil (Buenos Aires, Argentina), HPLC grade acetonitrile was obtained from Carlo Erba (Val-de-Reuil, France), and formic acid, choline (> 98%), deuterochloroform (CDCl₃, 99.8%), and deuterium oxide (D₂O, 99.9%) were purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Betaine (> 98%) was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Geel, Belgium). Diazepam (> 99.9%) and standard solutions of CBDA, CBD, cannabichromene (CBC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabigerol (CBG), THCA, THC, and Δ⁸-THC at 1 mg/mL were purchased from Lipomed (Cambridge, MA, USA). Standard solutions of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) at 1 mg/mL were purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA).

Fernández S., Castro R., López-Radcenco A., Rodriguez P., Carrera I., García-Carnelli C, & Moyna G. (2023). Beyond cannabinoids: Application of NMR-based metabolomics for the assessment of Cannabis sativa L. crop health. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1025932.

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Acetanilide and Phenolic Acid Analysis

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High-purity (≥99.95%) acetanilide was from Sigma-Aldrich. Deuterium oxide D₂O (NMR solvent, purity 99.9%) was from Magni-Solv (EMD Millipore). Lactose monohydrate (≥99.5%) was from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide solution (50% w/w solution) and anhydrous sodium acetate (NaOAc) for preparing HPAEC eluent were from Fisher Chemical and OmniPur (EMD Millipore), respectively. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and selected phenolic acid standard compounds (trans-caffeic, ortho-coumaric, trans-para-coumaric, trans-ferulic, isoferulic, and trans-sinapic) were obtained from VWR. Cis-ferulic acid and cis-para-coumaric acid were prepared by exposing a stock solution containing trans-ferulic acid and trans-para-coumaric acid (5 mM each, prepared in 50/50 MeOH/H₂O, v/v) to UV radiation (366 nm) overnight. All water for analyses and HPAEC eluents was deionized and then further purified (resistivity ≥18.2 MΩ-cm) using a Barnstead Nanopure Diamond purification system.

Joyce G.E., Kagan I.A., Flythe M.D., Davis B.E, & Schendel R.R. (2023). Profiling of cool-season forage arabinoxylans via a validated HPAEC-PAD method. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1116995.

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Quantification of 1-Deoxynojirimycin in Alginate Hydrogels

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Acetonitrile and ethanol (HPLC grade), ammonium formate (purity > 99.0%), calcium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate monohydrate, deuterium oxide (D₂O), DNJ reference standard (purity ≥ 95.0%), hydrochloric acid, and 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt (TSP) were provided by Merck Life Science S.R.L. (Milan, Italy). Sodium alginate (Na-ALG, high G/M ratio) was obtained from Honeywell Fluka (Charlotte, NC, USA). Water was purified by using a Milli-Q Plus185 system from Millipore (Milford, MA, USA).

Marchetti L., Truzzi E., Rossi M.C., Benvenuti S., Cappellozza S., Saviane A., Bogataj L., Siligardi C, & Bertelli D. (2024). Alginate-Based Carriers Loaded with Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extract: A Promising Strategy for Prolonging 1-Deoxynojirimicyn (DNJ) Systemic Activity for the Nutraceutical Management of Hyperglycemic Conditions. Molecules, 29(4), 797.

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Preparation of Phosphate and Deuterium Buffers

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Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) and Deuterium Oxide (D₂O) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 3-(Trimethyl-silyl)propionic acid-d4 sodium salt (TSP), used as the internal standard reference for NMR analysis, was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA).

Phetcharaburanin J., Deewai S., Kulthawatsiri T., Moolpia K., Suksawat M., Promraksa B., Klanrit P., Namwat N., Loilome W., Poopasit K., Katekaew S, & Phetcharaburanin P. (2020). 1H NMR metabolic phenotyping of Dipterocarpus alatus as a novel tool for age and growth determination. PLoS ONE, 15(12), e0243432.

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Profiling Human Hair Proteome

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Human hair samples were collected from local
hair salons near Jadavpur, Kolkata, India. Hair was dissolved in the
IL [BMIM]Cl (Sigma). Cellulose membrane dialysis tubes (MWCO 14 KDa)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. SDS-PAGE was performed by using N,N′ methylene bis-acrylamide (ultra-pure,
ICM), Tris HCl (Merck), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS, SRL), ammonium
persulfate (APS, SRL), Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 dye (Thermo
Fisher), tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED, SRL), glycine (Merck),
Trizma base (Sigma), and protein ladder (PUREGENE). For the antioxidant
assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 95%) and ascorbic acid
were purchased from SRL; dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from
Merck. Other chemicals used were acetone (Rankem), ethanol (HiMedia),
hydrochloric acid (HCl, Rankem), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Qualigen),
and citrate vacutainers (BD vacutainer) were used to collect human
blood. Deuterium oxide (D₂O) and 3 kDa MWCO Amicon ultracentrifugal
filter were purchased from Merck for the nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) study. Millipore water was used throughout the experiments.

Mukherjee A., Pal S., Parhi S., Karki S., Ingole P.G, & Ghosh P. (2023). One-Pot Extraction of Bioresources from Human Hair via a Zero-Waste Green Route. ACS Omega, 8(17), 15759-15768.

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Curcumin and Macrophage Activation Study

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Deuterated methanol-d₄ (CD₃OD, 99.8%), non-deuterated KH₂PO₄, sodium deuterium oxide (NaOD), 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic acid-d₄ sodium salt (TSP) and deuterium oxide (D₂O, 99.9%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Curcumin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and recombinant murine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cell culture media, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) containing both HEPES and l-glutamine with phenol red and that without phenol red, penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic solutions, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and triple Express enzyme were acquired from Gibco/BRL Life Technologies Inc. (Eggenstein, Germany).

Abdul-Hamid N.A., Mediani A., Maulidiani M., Abas F., Ismail I.S., Shaari K, & Lajis N.H. (2016). Discrimination and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity Correlation of Ajwa Dates from Different Grades and Origin. Molecules, 21(11), 1423.

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Phytochemical Extraction and Bioassays

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Absolute ethanol (EtOH) for the extraction of plant samples was purchased from HmBg Chemicals Inc. (Germany). For the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, quercetin, glycine, 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, gallic acid, and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were also supplied by Sigma Aldrich. For NMR measurements, deuterated methanol (CD₃OD), non-deuterated KH₂PO₄, sodium deuterium oxide (NaOD), trimethylsilyl propionic acid-d4 sodium salt (TSP) and deuterium oxide (D₂O) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). For liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, HPLC grade methanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Liquid nitrogen was supplied by MOX Company (Petaling Jaya, Malaysia).

Wan-Nadilah W.A., Akhtar M.T., Shaari K., Khatib A., Hamid A.A, & Hamid M. (2019). Variation in the metabolites and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Cosmos caudatus at different growth stages. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 19, 245.

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Chitosan-PEG Conjugate Synthesis

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Poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether MW 5000 kDa (mPEG), medium molecular weight chitosan (190–340 kDa), phthalic anhydride, anhydrous pyridine, 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP), succinic anhydride, anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), hydrazine monohydrate, hydroxybenzotrizole (HOBt), mucin from porcine stomach type III, egg yolk from chicken, and lactoferrin human were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Low molecular weight chitosan (oligosaccharide) (LMW OCs), 15 kDa, was obtained from Polysciences Inc., USA. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Opti-MEM, and diethyl ether were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) and deuterium chloride were obtained from ACROS Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Deuterium oxide (D₂O) and dimethyl sulfoxide-d₆ were obtained from EMD Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA, USA). pSpCas9-2A-GFP plasmid was purchased from Addgene (Plasmid #48138).

Zhang H., Bahamondez-Canas T.F., Zhang Y., Leal J, & Smyth H.D. (2018). PEGylated Chitosan for Nonviral Aerosol and Mucosal Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 System in Vitro. Molecular pharmaceutics, 15(11), 4814-4826.

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Potentiometric Buffer Preparation Protocol

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Buffer components (KCl, NaH₂PO₄, HCl, NaOH, NaCl), potassium hydroxide, potassium hydrogen phthalate and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Prisma^HT buffer was obtained from Pion Inc. (Billerica, MA, USA). 0.5 M potassium hydroxide and 0.5 M hydrochloric acid volumetric solutions were standardized by titration against primary standards potassium hydrogen phthalate and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, respectively. Deuterium oxide (D₂O) and methanol (MeOH) were obtained from Merck Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany).

Kádár S., Csicsák D., Tőzsér P., Farkas A., Pálla T., Mirzahosseini A., Tóth B., Tóth G., Fiser B., Horváth P., Madarász J., Avdeef A., Takács-Novák K., Sinkó B., Borbás E, & Völgyi G. (2022). Understanding the pH Dependence of Supersaturation State—A Case Study of Telmisartan. Pharmaceutics, 14(8), 1635.

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Quantification of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

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Human milk oligosaccharide standards, lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), sialyllacto-N-tetraose a (LSTa), sialyllacto-N-tetraose b (LSTb), lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP II), lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFP III), 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL), and 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL), were kindly provided by DSM (Hørsholm, Denmark). Deuterium oxide D₂O (99.9 atom% D), 3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (DSS), and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). N,N′,N″,N‴-Tetraacetylchitotetraose was purchased from Carbosynth (Compton, United Kingdom). Sodium phosphate was purchased from Reanal (Budapest, Hungary). Water was prepared freshly, using Select Fusion water purification system (SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions, Feasterville-Trevose, PA, USA). The SevenCompact S210 pH-meter and standard reference buffers (pH 2.00, 4.01, and 7.00) were purchased from Mettler-Toledo (Greifensee, Switzerland).

Garádi Z., Tóth A., Gáti T., Dancsó A, & Béni S. (2023). Utilizing the 1H-15N NMR Methods for the Characterization of Isomeric Human Milk Oligosaccharides. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2180.

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