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10 protocols using ab3516

1

Isolation and Immunoblotting of SERCA1 and Calsequestrin

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Total protein was isolated from FDB by homogenization in lysis buffer (20 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1% Triton X-100, 20% glycerol) containing 1 mM DTT and a protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma) on ice. Samples were centrifuged at 20,000 g at 4 °C, and the supernatant was collected and frozen at − 80 °C until analyzed. Total protein concentration was determined using a BCA assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples were solubilized in SDS loading buffer and denatured by heating at 100 °C for 5 min. For immunoblotting, 20–30 μg total protein was loaded on bis-acrylamide gels, separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and transferred to PVDF membranes (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk at room temperature for 1 h followed by overnight incubation at 4 °C in anti-SERCA1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) or anti-calsequestrin polyclonal antibodies (Abcam ab3516). Antibodies against α-tubulin or actin (Abcam) were used as loading controls. Antibody-reactive proteins were detected with Clarity western ECL substrate (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), imaged using an Image Lab system (Bio-Rad), and quantified by densitometry.
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2

Protein Expression Analysis in Cardiac Samples

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The homogenization of the samples, protein measurements, electrophoresis, primary and secondary antibody incubation, and quantification were performed following our previously established protocols (Boknik et al. 2019 (link); Gergs et al. 2021 (link); Neumann et al. 2021a (link), 2021b (link)). The following primary antibodies were used: anti-phosphorylated troponin inhibitor (P-TnI; #4004, Cell Signaling Technology Europe, Leiden, Netherlands) and anti-calsequestrin (CSQ) used as loading control (#ab3516, Abcam, Cambridge, UK).
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3

Cardiac Protein Expression Analysis

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Crude tissue homogenate from cardiac ventricles was separated by electrophoresis and transferred onto PVDF membranes. Membranes were incubated with primary antibodies: anti‐PAD2 (1:1000, Abcam, ab16478), anti‐RyR2 (1:5000, Abcam, ab2728), anti‐phosphorylated‐S2808‐RyR (1:5000, donated by Andrew R Marks, Columbia University), anti‐dihydropyridine receptor (1:1000, Abcam, ab2864), anti‐calsequestrin 2 (1:1000, Abcam, ab3516), anti‐SR Ca2+‐ATPase 2a (SERCA 2a; 1:1000, Abcam ab2861), anti‐phospholamban (1:1000, AbCam, ab2865), α‐actin (1:1000, Abcam ab28052), anti‐citrulline antibody (1:1000, Millipore, 07–377), Malondialdehyde (MDA) antibody (1: 1000, Abcam, ab27642), GAPDH (1:1000, Abcam, ab9485), and infrared‐labeled secondary antibodies (1:5000, Licor IRDye 680 and IRDye 800). Immunoreactive bands were analyzed using the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System. Band densities were quantified with Image J and normalized to GAPDH. All the experiments were conducted blinded regarding the treatment of the mice.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Signaling

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Qualitative analysis of protein expression and phosphorylation status was performed via standard western blotting procedures, as described previously (11 (link)). Briefly, 10–30 μg protein lysate was separated on polyacrylamide gels and transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were probed for the following targets: p-mTORSer−2448, p-P70S6KThr−389, p-S6Ser−240/244, p-4EBP1Thr−37/46, p-eIF4BSer−406, BCKDHa, p-BCKDHaSer−293, RAGA/B, RAGC, GβL, DEPTOR and RAGD (Cell Signaling; 2974, 9206, 2215, 9459, 8151, 90198, 40368, 4357, 5466, 3274, and 11816; Abcam 187679 respectively). Rabbit and mouse HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling, 7074 and 7076 respectively) were used for chemiluminescent detection with Luminata Forte Western Blotting substrate (Millipore, WBLUF0100). All densitometry data were normalized to calsequestrin (Abcam; ab3516). Importantly, due to the nature of time course studies, in order to minimize the contribution that position on the gel might have on outcomes, samples were randomized on gels; samples were re-ordered post-imaging, only for the sake of illustration of representative images (note, all bands for representative images for an individual experiment were from the same gel; original images are presented in Supplemental Figure 7).
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5

Characterization of Calcium Signaling Proteins

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The monoclonal 34C anti-RyR1 antibody, monoclonal VIIID12 anti-CSQ1 antibody, and rabbit affinity-isolated polyclonal anti-CSQ antibody (ab 3516) were from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Polyclonal anti-junctin was a generous gift from Dr. Steven Cala (Wayne State University, MI, USA). Phospholipids were from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). The Pierce IP kit was from ThermoFisher Scientific (Scoresby, Vic, Australia), 45Ca2+ was from PerkinElmer (Glen Waverley, VIC, Australia), and Glutathione Sepharose 4B was from GE Healthcare (Rydalmere, NSW, Australia). The Bio-Rad DC protein determination assay and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)/Western blot apparatus and consumables were from Bio-Rad (Gladesville, NSW, Australia), and the multi-mutagenesis kit was from Stratagene (now Agilent Technologies Inc, Mulgrave, VIC, Australia). Microcon centrifugal filter concentrators were from Millipore (Bayswater, VIC, Australia). The monoclonal anti-triadin antibody (IIG12) and all other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia).
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6

Right-atrial Tissue Protein Analysis

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Right-atrial tissue samples of about 20 mg were pulverized in liquid nitrogen and ‘homogenized’ in 200 µL of ice-cold lysis buffer containing 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20, 100 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM EGTA, 10 mM glycerol-2-phosphate, 10% (v/v) glycerol, and 1 mM DTT supplemented with a cocktail of protease inhibitors (Roche). Proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE (10% acrylamide: bisacrylamide) and electrotransferred onto Immobilon polyvinylidene diflouride membranes (Millipore). Membranes were incubated with primary and secondary antibodies diluted in 5% non-fat dry milk except for DHPR blots, for which SuperBlock™ Blocking Buffer (Thermo Scientific) was used. Antibodies against SERCA (#9580, Cell Signaling Technology), calsequestrin-2 (ab3516, Abcam), DHPR (ab81980, Abcam), and NCX1 (ab135735, Abcam) were used. After a standard washing protocol, detection was performed using the appropriate horseradish peroxidase-labelled IgG and the Supersignal™ detection system (Supersignal West Dura™, Pierce). Molecular-mass standards (Bioline) were used to estimate protein size and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; MAB374, Millipore) was used as a loading control. Immunoblots were digitized (GS-800 Calibrated Densitometer; Bio-Rad) and analysed with the Quantity One 4.6.3 software (Bio-Rad).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Lysates

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Cell lysates were obtained by incubating cells in RIPA Lysis Buffer (Beyotin, Beijing, China) containing protease inhibitors for 30 min followed by ultrasonication and centrifugation. The supernatant containing proteins was collected. The concentration of proteins in the supernatant was determined using the BCA protein assay (Beyotime, Beijing, China). Proteins were separated in 10 or 12% SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Merck Millipore, USA). After blocking in 5% skim milk, membranes were incubated with primary antibodies (ATP1A2, 1:1000, 16,836-1-AP, proteintech; CASQ2, 1:1000, ab3516, Abcam, UK; RYR2, 1:1000, MA3-916, Thermo Scientific, USA) overnight at 4°C and incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. The bands were detected using HRP Substrate Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., MA, USA) and Image Quant LAS 4000 (GE Healthcare Life Science). Protein levels of GAPDH were used as the endogenous control.
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8

Immunoblotting Analysis of Cardiac Proteins

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The following reagents were used: ATX-II (Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel). The antibodies used were mouse anti-A2AR (sc-32261, Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.), rabbit anti-α-actinin (sc-17829; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.), mouse anti-sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2 (SERCA2a) (D51B11, Cell Signaling Technlogy, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit anti-Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX-1) (ab135735, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), rabbit anti-calsequestrin-2 (Csq-2) (ab3516, Abcam), horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated rabbit anti-mouse IgG (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) and HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA).
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9

Cardiac Protein Expression Analysis

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The homogenization of the samples, protein measurements, electrophoresis, primary and secondary antibody incubation, and quantification were performed following our previously established protocols (Gergs et al. 2009 (Gergs et al. , 2019a,b;,b; Boknik et al. 2018) (link). First antibodies were rabbit polyclonal anti-calsequestrin (CSQ) antibody, #ab3516, Abcam, Cambridge, UK (diluted 1:20000), rabbit polyclonal anti-DRD1, #bs-1007R, Bioss, Woburn, MA, USA (dilution 1:500), and rabbit polyclonal anti-phospho-troponin I (P-TnI) antibody, #4004, Cell Signaling Technology Europe, Leiden, The Netherlands (diluted 1:5000).
As controls in some Western blotting experiments, cardiac homogenates from D 1 receptor knock-out mice were used. Cardiac samples of D 1 knock-out mice were kindly provided by Jean-Antoine Girault, Insern Research Director; Institute du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
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10

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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We homogenized the samples, measured protein concentrations, performed electrophoresis, incubated with first primary and then secondary antibodies and quantified results as published (Gergs et al. 2009 (Gergs et al. , 2019a,b;,b; Boknik et al. 2018) . First antibodies were anti-calsequestrin (CSQ) antibody (#ab3516, abcam, Cambridge, UK, diluted 1:20,000), antiphospholamban antibody (#A010-14, Badrilla, Leeds, UK, diluted 1:5,000), and anti- sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA2) antibody (#ab2861, abcam, Cambridge, UK, diluted 1:5,000).
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