N ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride is a chemical compound used as a coupling agent in various laboratory applications. It is commonly employed in organic synthesis, biochemistry, and biotechnology to facilitate the formation of amide bonds between carboxylic acids and primary amines.

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9 protocols using n ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride

Chitosan-Based Peptide Synthesis

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Chitosan and Tris-HCl
were obtained from Êxodo Científica (São Paulo,
Brazil); amino acids, resin (Fmoc-Rink amide resin), 4-methylpiperidine,
hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA),
triisopropylsilane (TIS), ethanedithiol (EDT), NAC, N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysulfosucchimide (NHS), (N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic
acid (MES), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, and triethyl
citrate were obtained in high-performance liquid chromatography grade
from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA); dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased
from Neon Comercial (São Paulo, Brazil); dichloromethane (DCM)
was purchased from Anidrol Laboratory (São Paulo, Brazil).

Roque-Borda C.A., Antunes B.F., Toledo Borgues A.B., Costa de Pontes J.T., Meneguin A.B., Chorilli M., Trovatti E., Teixeira S.R., Pavan F.R, & Vicente E.F. (2022). Conjugation of Ctx(Ile21)-Ha Antimicrobial Peptides to Chitosan Ultrathin Films by N-Acetylcysteine Improves Peptide Physicochemical Properties and Enhances Biological Activity. ACS Omega, 7(32), 28238-28247.

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Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection Assay

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Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic (MES), polyethyleneimine (PEI, 25 K), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 40 K), Tween 20, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), 5,5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), trisodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇, TSC), goat anti-human IgM, goat anti-human IgG, goat anti-rabbit IgG, bovine serum albumin (BSA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). SARS-CoV-2 S protein (recombinant) and S protein antibody (Ab) were obtained from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China). Chloroauric acid tetrahydrate, sodium borohydride, formaldehyde (37 %, w/w), ammonia solution (28 %, w/w), Chloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl₄·4H₂O), and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). PBS buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Thermo Fisher (Shanghai, China). Nitrocellulose (NC) membrane was purchased from Sartorius (UniSart CN95 and CN140, Spain) and Millipore Corporation (HF135, USA), respectively. The sample pad, absorbent pad, conjugate pad, and PVC bottom plate were obtained from Jieyi Biotechnology Co (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were of analytical grade and were utilized as received unless mentioned otherwise.

Liu H., Dai E., Xiao R., Zhou Z., Zhang M., Bai Z., Shao Y., Qi K., Tu J., Wang C, & Wang S. (2020). Development of a SERS-based lateral flow immunoassay for rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in clinical samples. Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical, 329, 129196.

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Silanized Surface Characterization

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The silanized surface was further confirmed by fluorescence measurement using amine- and carboxylate-modified fluorospheres. Amine-modified fluorospheres (0.2 µm, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Seoul, South Korea) were diluted 50-fold with distilled water, and carboxylate-modified fluorospheres (0.2 µm, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were diluted 50-fold in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture solution of N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (150 mm, EDC, Sigma) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (60 mm, NHS, Sigma), both prepared in Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS, pH 7.4, Thermo Fisher Scientific), to enhance the binding of the carboxylate-functionalized fluorospheres with amine functionality by activating the carboxyl acid (–COOH) group. After 30 min, the excess EDC and NHS were removed by rinsing with PBS buffer and then with distilled water. Fluorescence was observed using a JULI stage (NanoEntek, Seoul, South Korea).

Hong S., Song Y., Choi J, & Hwang C. (2021). Bonding of Flexible Membranes for Perfusable Vascularized Networks Patch. Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 19(2), 363-375.

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Multifunctional Mesoporous Silica Nanocarriers

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Mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCl), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT), type A gelatin (300 bloom) from porcine skin, methacrylic anhydride (MA), metformin hydrochloride (MF), and Alizarin Red were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), alpha-modified Eagle’s Medium (α-MEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco-Invitrogen (San Diego, CA, USA). TRITC-conjugated phalloidin and DAPI were acquired from MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA). PureLink RNA Mini Kit, TRizol reagent, and the SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase Kit were purchased from Invitrogen Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP L0290, TCI America Inc., Portland, OR, USA), CellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Reagent (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA), SensoLyte pNPP ALP kit (AnaSpec Inc., Fremont, CA, USA), and Taqman real-time PCR Master Mix system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) were procured from their respective manufacturers.

Qu L., Dubey N., Ribeiro J.S., Bordini E.A., Ferreira J.A., Xu J., Castilho R.M, & Bottino M.C. (2020). Metformin-Loaded Nanospheres Laden Photocrosslinkable Gelatin Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 116, 104293.

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Lateral Flow Assay for Cardiac Troponin I

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The following reagents were used in the experiments: monoclonal antibodies (M155, 16A11, MF4, 19C7, 8E10, and 4C2 clones) against cTnI; cTnI antigen; cTnI-free pooled anonymized human serum (HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland and Moscow, Russia); Unisart^® CN-140 nitrocellulose lateral flow membrane (Sartorius AG, Goettingen, Germany); absorbent pad (MDI, Ambala Cantt, India); N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (sulfo-NHS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxy- silane (APTES), 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO), bovine serum albumin (BSA), N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany); Triton X-100 (Panreac, Barcelona, Spain); dimethylformamide (DMF), sodium chloride, potassium dihydrophosphate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide (Chimmed, Moscow, Russia); sulfuric acid (Sigma-Tech, Balashikha, Russia). Superparamagnetic carboxyl-modified (COOH-) particles of 200 nm in diameter (“Bio-Estapor Microspheres”) were purchased from Estapor—Merck Millipore, Fontenay sous Boi, France. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.

Orlov A.V., Malkerov J.A., Novichikhin D.O., Znoyko S.L, & Nikitin P.I. (2022). Multiplex Label-Free Kinetic Characterization of Antibodies for Rapid Sensitive Cardiac Troponin I Detection Based on Functionalized Magnetic Nanotags. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(9), 4474.

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Functional Nanomaterial for Breast Cancer

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Tetrachloroauric acid (III) trihydrate (HAuCl₄ ·3H₂ O),
N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide
(NHS), and Sodium alginate were purchased from SigmaAldrich, and synthesized as summarized
in the next section. In this experimental study, human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were
obtained from the Pasteur Institute of Iran.

Danesh-Doust M., Irajirad R., Vaziri Nezamdoust F., Khademi S, & Montazerabadi A. (2023). Triptorelin Peptide Conjugated Alginate Coated Gold Nanoparticles as A New Contrast Media for Targeted Computed Tomography Imaging of Cancer Cells. Cell Journal (Yakhteh), 25(2), 126-134.

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Chitosan-Based Bioactive Surface Modification

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Medium-molecular-weight chitosan (Cs) with a degree of deacetylation of about 89% was purchased from Primex (Karmoy, Norway). N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), carboxymethyl dextran (CMD) sodium salt (10–20 KD, 1.1–1.5 mmol carboxyl/g), Ellman's reagent, RPMI-1640 tissue culture medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and dialysis tubing (molecular weight cut-off 2, and 12 kDa)`1 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA). N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were all purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The human retinoblastoma cell line (Y79). All chemicals were of analytical grade.

Delrish E., Ghassemi F., Jabbarvand M., Lashay A., Atyabi F., Soleimani M, & Dinarvand R. (2022). Biodistribution of Cy5-labeled Thiolated and Methylated Chitosan-Carboxymethyl Dextran Nanoparticles in an Animal Model of Retinoblastoma. Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research, 17(1), 58-68.

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Synthesis of Functionalized Polymer Brushes

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Ethanolamine
(EA), 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide
(BIBB), triethylamine (TEA), N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP),
copper bromide (CuBr), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl
methacrylate (MMA), di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (BOC₂O), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane
(DCM), toluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and tetrahydrofuran
(THF) were all purchased from Merck Chemical Co. Moreover, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N-ethylcarbodiimide
hydrochloride (EDC), 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy), succinic anhydride, N,N,N′,N″, N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
(PMDETA), methotrexate (MTX), N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
(APTES), ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB), FeCl₃·6H₂O, and FeCl₂·4H₂O were all purchased
from Aldrich. All the chemicals were of analytical grade and used
without any purification.

Ghanbarinia Firozjah R., Sadeghi A, & Khoee S. (2020). Ultrasonic De-cross-linking of the pH- and Magneto-Responsive PHEMA/PMMA Microgel to Janus Nanoparticles: A New Synthesis Based on “Grafting from”/“Grafting to” Polymerization. ACS Omega, 5(42), 27119-27132.

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Synthesis of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles

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Graphite flakes, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), copper bromide (CuBr), ε-caprolactone, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) were all purchased from Merck Chemical Co. Moreover, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), pyrrole, succinic anhydride, 3-bromo-1-propanol, stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)₂), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were all purchased from Aldrich. All the chemicals were of analytical grade and used without any purification.

Khoee S, & Sadeghi A. (2019). An NIR-triggered drug release and highly efficient photodynamic therapy from PCL/PNIPAm/porphyrin modified graphene oxide nanoparticles with the Janus morphology. RSC Advances, 9(68), 39780-39792.

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