Potassium permanganate

Manufactured by Junsei

Sourced in Japan

Potassium permanganate is a chemical compound with the formula KMnO4. It is a purple crystalline solid that is widely used as an oxidizing agent in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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3 protocols using potassium permanganate

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide

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For the synthesis of GO, graphite powders (carbon basis: 99.0%, particle size: ~325 mesh), potassium persulfate (99.0%), and phosphorus pentoxide (99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, US) and potassium permanganate (99.3%) was purchased from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Sulfuric acid (95.0%), hydrogen peroxide (30.0%), and hydrochloric acid (35.0%) were purchased from Daejung Chemical (Si-heung, Korea). DCX (98.0%) and methyl alcohol (99.5%), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, US) and Samchun (Seoul, Korea), respectively, were employed for the crosslinking of the GO laminates. All of the organic dyes (rose bengal (RB, 1017 g mol⁻¹), methyl blue (MB, 800 g mol⁻¹), acid fuchsin (AF, 585.5 g mol⁻¹), rhodamine B (RhB, 479 g mol⁻¹), and methyl orange (MO, 327 g mol⁻¹)) and ionic salts (sodium sulfate anhydrous (Na₂SO₄, >99.0%), sodium chloride (NaCl, >99.5%), magnesium sulfate anhydrous (MgSO₄, >99.0%), and magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl₂·6H₂O, >98.0%)) were purchased from Daejung Chemical (Si-heung, Korea). A nylon membrane filter was purchased from SciLab Korea Co., Ltd (Seoul, Korea) to synthesize GO. Other nylon filter (diameter: 47 mm, Millipore filters with a pore size of 0.2 μm; Saint-Quentin, France) was used as the support layers of the GO membranes.

Kwon H., Park Y., Yang E, & Bae T.H. (2022). Graphene Oxide-Based Membranes Intercalated with an Aromatic Crosslinker for Low-Pressure Nanofiltration. Membranes, 12(10), 966.

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Electrochemical Bacterial Detection Assay

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Precursor reagents and other chemicals such as graphite powder, zinc acetate, sodium hydroxide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), and dimethylformamide were commercially obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). LIVE/DEAD BacLight kit was used according to manufacturer’s protocol (Molecular Probes; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid were commercially obtained from Daejung Chemicals and Metal Co., Ltd (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Milli-Q water with a resistance greater than 18 MΩ was used in all experiments. All of the chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. Four pathogenic bacterial strains, namely the Gram-negative strains E. coli (KACC 10005) and S. typhimurium (KCCM 40253), and the Gram-positive strains B. subtilis (KACC 14394) and E. faecalis (KACC 13807) were utilized in the study. The gold printed circuit board (Au-PCB) working electrode used in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) study was made from a conventional Au printed circuit board (PCB) chip.

Zhong L, & Yun K. (2015). Graphene oxide-modified ZnO particles: synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial properties. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 10(Spec Iss), 79-92.

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Fabrication of Thin-Film Composite Membranes

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Graphite (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and SWNTs (US Research Nanomaterials, Houston, TX, USA) were used as precursors for GONs and o-SWNTs, respectively. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, Samchun Chemical, Seoul, Korea), nitric acid (HNO₃, Samchun Chemical, Seoul, Korea), and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were employed to oxidize the precursors. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, Junsei Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) was used to reduce excess potassium permanganate. Sulfuric acid was also used for acid resistance tests. Piperazine (PIP, Samchun Chemical, Seoul, Korea), trimesoyl chloride (TMC, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and isoparaffin (ISOL-C, SK Chemical, Seoul, Korea) were used to fabricate a PA active layer of TFC membranes. In addition, a polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membrane (MWCO 100,000, LG Chem., Seoul, Korea) was used as a support layer of the TFC membranes. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄, Samchun Chemical, Seoul, Korea) was employed to evaluate membrane performance.

Chae H.R., Kim I.C, & Kwon Y.N. (2021). Acid-Resistance Enhancement of Thin-Film Composite Membrane Using Barrier Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. Materials, 14(12), 3151.

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