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16 protocols using accury c6

1

Quantifying Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species

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The ROS levels were measured using the Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Kit (Beyotime, CHN) according to the manufacturer's instructions. A membrane-permeable fluorogenic probe, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), was used. The acetate and acetoxymethyl ester groups of this probe were enzymatically cleaved inside living cells. This probe can then be oxidized by intracellular oxidants (ROS) to obtain the product DCF, which emits a strong green fluorescence (λex=485 nm; λem=520 nm). The fluorescence intensity is proportional to the level of cellular ROS. After the indicated treatment, cells grown in a 6-well plate were loaded in PBS containing 10 μM DCFDA fluorescent probe at 37°C for 20 min and then washed 3 times with PBS and trypsinized. The cells were obtained after centrifugation at 200 × g for 5 min at 4°C, resuspended and incubated in ice-cold PBS. The fluorescence of the cells was monitored using flow cytometry (ACCURY C6, BD, USA). ROS production was calculated as the fold increase in the fluorescence compared with that observed in the control.
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2

Quantification of Apoptotic Cells Using TUNEL, Flow Cytometry, and Caspase-3

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The apoptotic cells were quantified using the terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay (In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, KeyGEN BioTECH, CHN) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Fluorescent staining was visualized using a BX-61 microscope (Olympus). To further quantify the number of apoptotic cells, flow cytometry (ACCURY C6, BD, USA) using the FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit (KeyGEN BioTECH, CHN) was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, as previously described 23 (link). Caspase-3 activity was measured using a Caspase-3 Activity Assay Kit (Beyotime, CHN) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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3

JC-1 Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Assay

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The JC-1 staining assay was used to examine the change in ΔΨm. The cells were washed and loaded with 5 μg/ml JC-1 at 37oC for 10 min prior to treatment. After being washed twice with prewarmed PBS, the cells were trypsinized and resuspended at ~3×105 cells/ml in JC-1 staining buffer at 25oC. Measurements were immediately made using a flow cytometry (ACCURY C6, BD, USA). JC-1 dye changes its fluorescence emission from red to green when a loss of ΔΨm occurs. The green and red fluorescence of JC-1 was detected through the FL-1 and FL-2 channels, respectively. Proper compensation was established to correct the fluorescence spillover. The cell population under study was previously selected by electronic gating, measuring forward versus side light scatter. A total of 20,000 events were collected for the analysis of each sample. Cells with high and low ΔΨm are in regions R1 and R2, respectively. Data are depicted as the percentage of cells in the R1 region compared with the total selected cells. Mitochondrial depolarization (positive control) was achieved by treating cells with 5 mM CCCP for 30 min at 37oC and was indicated by a decrease in the red/green fluorescence intensity ratio.
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4

Magnetic Epoxy Bead-Based Immunoassay

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Magnetic epoxy beads (Dynabeads M270 Epoxy, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were washed three times in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) using a magnetic apparatus DynaMag-2. One hundred microliters of scFv (750 μg/mL) and 3:1 ammonium sulphate solution 3 M/1.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were added to 10 μL of magnetic beads (2 × 107 beads), and further incubated overnight at 4 °C under stirring. Beads were blocked with PBS/5%BSA. One hundred microliters of pooled sera (1:50) were added and then 100 μL of anti-human IgG/FITC (1:200) both diluted in PBS/5%BSA. In the steps of blocking sera and conjugated were incubated for 45 min at 18 °C and between each step it was performed three washes with PBST for 5 min. Beads were analyzed in a fluorescence microscope (AMG EVOS fl, Cell Imaging System, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) followed by flow cytometry (10,000 events/sample) (Accury™ C6, BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA).
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5

Platelet Activation and Aggregation Analysis in Murine Blood

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Murine blood samples were obtained by retroorbital puncture using citrated capillary. Whole blood samples were centrifuged at 1,300 g for 5 min and resuspended in 1 mL of Tyrode's buffer (134 mM NaCl; 20 mM HEPES; 12 mM NaHCO3; 5 mM glucose; 2.9 mM KCl; 1 mM MgCl2; 0.34 mM Na2HPO4; pH 7.4). Due to the limited volume of blood samples obtained, flow cytometry was used to test platelets activation and aggregation as previously reported (32 (link)). Aliquots of diluted blood (30 μL) were incubated for 15 min at room temperature with the appropriate anti-mouse monoclonal antibody: APC-conjugated rat anti-integrin alpha IIb (GPIIb, CD41) (6.7 μg/mL; clone MWReg30; eBioscience, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and PE-labeled rat anti-mouse integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIbIIIa, CD41/61) (25 μg/mL; clone JON/A; Emfret Analytics, Würzburg, Germany) were used to detect platelets activation. PE-labeled CD9 and FITC-labeled CD9 (5 μg/mL; clone MZ3; BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) were used to visualize aggregation and the double positive population was considered the aggregated platelets. Thrombin (1 U/mL) was added when necessary. To remove excess antibody, aliquots were centrifuged (2,250 g for 5 min) and resuspended in 150 μL of Tyrode's buffer. Analysis was immediately performed in a BD Accury™ C6 flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
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6

Intracellular Superoxide Detection in HaCaT Cells

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DHE (150 mM) and 1 µL of the EOs of C. sinensis (0.842 µg) or C. latifolia (0.872 µg) was added to HaCaT cell (2.5 × 105 in 24-well plates), which were then incubated at 37 °C for 30 min in the dark, to determine the intracellular •O2− concentrations. Samples were treated with 250 µM H2O2 to create oxidative stress. Cells were then washed, resuspended in PBS 1X, and maintained on ice for immediate detection by flow cytometry (BD Accury C6, CA, USA). Data were analyzed using the Flowjo v10.3 software. For fluorescence quantification samples were acquired in triplicate, and 10,000 events were used for each measurement. Cells were excited at 488 nm, and DHE fluorescence was detected using 585/42 (DHE) bandpass filters. Data were expressed as the geometric mean fluorescence intensity (MFI).
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7

4T1 Cell Cytotoxicity Assay

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4T1 cells (1 × 106 cells/mL) were stained with (0.1 mL/mL) Calcein-AM from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA) in FACS buffer at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 30 min, washed twice with PBS. Thus, primed or unprimed T cells were added in a 1:5 (tumor to effector) ratio. Co-culture was incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 h. Finally, calcein positive or negative 4T1 cells were assessed in a BD AccuryC6 flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) (total population 10,000 cells). Data was then analyzed using FlowJo software.
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8

Platelet Activation Dynamics in Aspergillosis

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PRP treated with ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, or vehicle was labeled with anti-CD42b and anti-CD62P antibody. CD42b is a membrane glycoprotein constitutively expressed on platelet surface and is useful in identifying platelet population, while CD62P is a marker of activated platelets. Labeled platelets were then incubated with swollen, heat-inactivated A. fumigatus conidia at an E:T ratio of 100:1. After 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, and 270 min, samples were acquired and analyzed on a BD Accury C6 flow cytometry. Analysis was performed gating CD42b+ cells and analyzing the mean fluorescence intensity in the positive CD62P population. Results are reported as percentages of CD62b expression normalized on DMSO-treated unstimulated platelets (100%). Normalization was performed by dividing the value of ibrutinib- or acalabrutinib-treated, stimulated or unstimulated samples to the value of the corresponding DMSO-treated unstimulated samples and multiplying by 100.
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9

Iron Growth Response in Ostreococcus

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To remove contaminating iron and deplete intracellular iron storage, Ostreococcus strains were first acclimated during 5 days in 1.5 mL of AQUIL medium containing 5.4 nM Fe(III)-EDTA (1:1). To study the growth response function of iron supply, triplicate flasks containing various concentrations of Fe(III)-EDTA ranging from 5.4 nM to 270 nM Fe(III)-EDTA in Aquil medium, were inoculated with 106 cells mL−1 of iron-depleted cells. These cultures were grown at 20 °C, under 25 µmol quanta m−2 s−1 of continuous blue light, as described above. Cell density and chlorophyll (Chl) red fluorescence were measured using a flow cytometer (BD Accury C6). Growth rates were computed as the slope of a Ln (Nt) vs. time plot, where Nt is the cell abundance (cell/mL) number at time t. Average cell diameter was estimated using a CASY multi-channel cell counting system. (Schärfe System GmbH, Germany).
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10

Cell Growth Quantification by Flow Cytometry

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Cell growth was determined with a flow cytometer (BD Accury C6), as described previously [9 (link)].
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