Sodium linoleate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Sodium linoleate is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a salt of the fatty acid linoleic acid. Sodium linoleate serves as a surfactant, emulsifier, and wetting agent in laboratory equipment and procedures. Its core function is to facilitate the dispersion and stabilization of materials in aqueous solutions.

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6 protocols using sodium linoleate

Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Lipoxygenase Inhibition

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UV–vis spectra,
for the in
vitro tests, were obtained on a Shimadzu 1700Spec UV double-beam spectrophotometer
(PerkinElmer Corporation Ltd., Lane Beaconsfield, Bucks, UK). Soybean
lipoxygenase, sodium linoleate, and 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride
(AAPH) were purchased from Sigma Chemical, Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
The in vitro assays were performed at a concentration of 100 μM
(a 10 mMstock solution in DMSO was used, from which several dilutions
were made). The IC₅₀ values of the samples studied were
calculated using at least triplicates, and the standard deviation
of absorbance did not exceed 10% of the mean. The compounds prior
to be recorded were diluted in 0.1% DMSO under sonification in an
appropriate buffer in several dilutions. Statistical comparisons were
made using the Student t test. A statistically significant
difference was defined as p < 0.05.

Georgiou N., Chontzopoulou E., Cheilari A., Katsogiannou A., Karta D., Vavougyiou K., Hadjipavlou-Litina D., Javornik U., Plavec J., Tzeli D., Vassiliou S, & Mavromoustakos T. (2023). Thiocarbohydrazone and Chalcone-Derived 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinethione as Lipid Peroxidation and Soybean Lipoxygenase Inhibitors. ACS Omega, 8(13), 11966-11977.

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Soybean Lipoxygenase Antioxidant Activity

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Soybean lipoxygenase, sodium linoleate, 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Sigma Chemical, Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). For the in vitro tests, UV-Vis spectra were obtained on a 554 double beam spectrophotometer Perkin-Elmer (Perkin-Elmer Corporation Ltd., Lane Beaconsfield, Bucks, UK).

Douros A., Hadjipavlou-Litina D., Nikolaou K, & Skaltsa H. (2017). The Occurrence of Flavonoids and Related Compounds in Cedrus brevifolia A. Henry ex Elwes & A. Henry Needles. Inhibitory Potencies on Lipoxygenase, Linoleic Acid Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activity. Plants, 7(1), 1.

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Structural Characterization of Synthesized Compounds

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NMR spectroscopy: synthesized compounds were structurally elucidated using Varian Gemini 300 MHz (Palo Alto, CA, USA) at the School of Chemical Engineering, NTUA and Varian 600 MHz (Palo Alto, CA, USA) at the National Hellenic Research Foundation, NMR spectrometers using DMSO-d₆ and CDCl₃ 99.9 atom % D.
Melting points were determined on a Gallenkamp MFB-595 melting point apparatus (London, UK) and are uncorrected. High-resolution mass spectra were obtained on an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometer mass accuracy and ultra-high resolution (UHPLC—LTQ Orbitrap Velos, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Mass spectra were obtained on an ESI-MS (HPLC-LCQ Fleet/Thermo Scientific). For the in vitro tests, a Lambda 20 (Perkin–Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA) UV–Vis double beam spectrophotometer was used. Soybean lipoxygenase, sodium linoleate, 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), and DPPH were obtained from Sigma Chemical, Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
All commercially available starting materials were used without further purification. Commercially available tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dried prior to use by refluxing over Na. All other solvents (puriss. quality) were used without further purification.
Column chromatography was performed with silica gel 60.

Kostopoulou I., Tzani A., Chronaki K., Prousis K.C., Pontiki E., Hadjiplavlou-Litina D, & Detsi A. (2023). Novel Multi-Target Agents Based on the Privileged Structure of 4-Hydroxy-2-quinolinone. Molecules, 29(1), 190.

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Characterization of Biomolecular Interactions

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Diflunisal, bipy, bipyam, phen, Hpko, ZnCl2, KOH, trisodium citrate, NaCl, CT DNA, BSA, HSA, EB, DPPH, ABTS, sodium linoleate, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (trolox), nordihydroguaiaretic (NDGA) and caffeic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and all solvents were purchased from Merck. All the chemicals and solvents were reagent grade and were used as purchased.
DNA stock solution was prepared by dilution of CT DNA to buffer (containing 150 mM NaCl and 15 mM trisodium citrate at pH 7.0) followed by exhaustive stirring at 4°C for three days, and kept at 4°C for no longer than two weeks. The stock solution of CT DNA gave a ratio of UV absorbance at 260 and 280 nm (A260/A280) in the range 1.85-1.90, indicating that the DNA was sufficiently free of protein contamination [47] . The concentration of CT DNA was determined by the UV absorbance at 260 nm after 1:20 dilution using ε = 6600 M -1 cm -1 [48] .
Infrared (IR) spectra (400-4000 cm -1 ) were recorded on a Nicolet FT-IR 6700 spectrometer with samples prepared as KBr pellets. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectra were recorded as nujol mulls and in solution at concentrations in the range 10 -5 -10 mol -1 , 1 mM in DMSO).

Tarushi A., Kakoulidou C., Raptopoulou C.P., Psycharis V., Kessissoglou D.P., Zoi I., Papadopoulos A.N, & Psomas G. (2017). Zinc complexes of diflunisal: Synthesis, characterization, structure, antioxidant activity, and in vitro and in silico study of the interaction with DNA and albumins. Journal of inorganic biochemistry, 170.

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Assays

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2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. Sodium linoleate, soybean lipoxygenase enzyme solution and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) for anti-inflammatory studies were purchased from Merck. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, USA. Human skin fibroblast cells (HSF 1184) were obtained from Life Technologies Bio Diagnostic, Malaysia. South African lemon oil was obtained from a local supplier (Wellness Original Ingredient, Malaysia). Catfish by-product oil was prepared in the laboratory as previously described by Djaeni and Listyadevi [59 (link)]. The anionic co-surfactants used in the study are not stated as it is under a patent application. All other solvents and chemicals used were analytical and/or pharmaceutical grade.

Azmi N.A., Elgharbawy A.A., Salleh H.M, & Moniruzzaman M. (2022). Preparation, Characterization and Biological Activities of an Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion from Fish By-Products and Lemon Oil by Ultrasonication Method. Molecules, 27(19), 6725.

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Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Acetonitrile, methanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, absolute ethanol, sodium linoleate, lipoxygenase, butylated hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (TRIS) were purchased from Merck (Milan, Italy). Toluene, potassium thiocyanate, copper(II) carbonate hydroxide and thionyl chloride were purchased from Alfa-Aesar. Transcinnamamide and chloral hydrate were purchased from TCI. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Czech Republic). The commercial reagents were used as received, without any further purification. Ultrapure water was obtained with MilliQ Millipore. THF was distilled from sodium/benzophenone. NMR 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Advance III HD 600 spectrometer at room temperature with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard in DMSO-d6. Chemical shifts, multiplicity and coupling constants were reported.

Masuri S., Cadoni E., Cabiddu M.G., Isaia F., Demuru M.G., Moráň L., Buček D., Vaňhara P., Havel J, & Pivetta T. (2020). The first copper(ii) complex with 1,10-phenanthroline and salubrinal with interesting biochemical properties. Metallomics : integrated biometal science, 12(6).

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