Non fat dried milk

Quercetin and its derivative, Q2, were chemically synthesized as previously reported in [25 (link)]. Sodium palmitate (PA), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-)2,5-diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), Na-pyruvate, 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), butanol-1, butylated hydroxyanisole, bovine serum albumin (BSA), ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt), diethyl ether, and Tween-20 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), penicillin/streptomycin, 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1X), and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and non-fat dried milk were purchased from PanReac AppliChem (Glenview, IL, USA). Absolute ethanol, hydrochloric acid, ethyl acetate, trichloro-acetic acid, and methanol were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, MI, Italy).

PSELT, the SELENOT-mimetic peptide [SELENOT_43–52 (H–Phe–Gln–Ile–Cys–Val–Ser–Sec–Gly–Tyr–Arg–OH)] and its inactive form, indicated as inert-PSELT [I-PSELT (Ser 46,49)], were chemically synthesized by automated peptide synthesizer (CEM, Saclay, France) as previously reported [19 (link)]. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium F-12 (DMEM/F-12), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Dulbecco’s phosphate buffer saline (DPBS), penicillin/streptomycin (P/S), L-Glutamine, UltraPure™ DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water, Lipofectamine^® 2000 Reagent were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.25% Trypsin–EDTA were from Corning (New York, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), and non-fat dried milk were from PanReac AppliChem (Glenview, IL, USA). KCl, NaCl, NaHCO₃, CaCl₂, MgSO₄, KH₂PO₄, NaH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, mannitol, glucose, Na-pyruvate, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced disodium salt hydrate, 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), diethyl ether, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt), diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, pyrogallol, streptomycin sulfate, tween-20, isoproterenol, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Absolute ethanol and hydrochloric acid were from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, Milan, Italy). Before each experiment, all solutions were freshly prepared.

The SELENOT-derived peptide 43–52 (corresponding to the sequence H-Phe-Gln-Ile-Cys-Val-Ser-Sec-Gly-Tyr-Arg-OH) designated as PSELT and its inactive form (Ser 46,49, designated as the inert-PSELT or I-PSELT) were chemically synthesized as described previously [17 (link)]. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium F-12 (DMEM/F-12), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), penicillin/streptomycin, 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1×), and fetal bovine serum (FBS), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Sodium palmitate (PA), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-)2,5-diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and tween-20 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Sulfo-Nsuccinimidyl oleate (SSO) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and nonfat dried milk were purchased from PanReac AppliChem (Glenview, IL, USA). Before each experiment, all solutions were freshly prepared. Absolute ethanol, hydrochloric acid, and methanol were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, Milan, Italy).