Rompun ts

Prior to tomography, animals were fasted for 24 hours with water ad libitum. Premedication consisted of an intramuscular injection of 0.5 mg atropine (Atropinum sulfuricum, 1 mg/ml, Eifelfango, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany). For the induction of anaesthesia, an intramuscular injection of ketamine (27 mg/kg, Ursotamin, 100 mg/ml, Serumwerk Bernburg, Germany), xylazine (3.5 mg/kg, Rompun TS, 20 mg/ml, Bayer Vital GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany) and 3 ml azaperone (Stresnil, 40 mg/ml, Janssen Animal Health, Neuss, Germany) was administered. Throughout the entire procedure, an isotonic electrolyte solution was infused intravenously (Ionosteril, Fresenius, Bad Homburg v. d. H., Germany) [51 ]. For separate studies on the vascular distribution of the whole body [49 ] and further histologic examination, all animals were euthanised when in deep anaesthesia by a 15 ml intravenous injection of T61 (Intervet Deutschland GmbH, Unterschleißheim, Germany).

Prior to tomography, animals were fasted for 24 hours with water ad libitum. Then the animals were premedicated by intramuscular injection of 0.5 mg atropine (Atropinum sulfuricum, 1 mg/ml, Eifelfango, Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler, Germany). Anaesthesia was induced by intramuscular injection of ketamine (27 mg/kg, Ursotamin^®, 100 mg/ml, Serumwerk Bernburg, Germany), xylazine (3.5 mg/kg, Rompun^® TS, 20 mg/ml, Bayer Vital GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany) and 3 ml azaperone (Stresnil^®, 40 mg/ml, Janssen Animal Health, Neuss, Germany). An electrolyte solution was infused intravenously throughout the entire procedure (Ionosteril^®, Fresenius, Bad Homburg v.d.H., Germany) [28 ]. At the end of the experiment all animals were euthanised in deep anaesthesia by intravenous injection of 15 ml T 61 (Intervet Deutschland GmbH, Unterschleißheim, Germany) for separate studies of the vascular distribution of the whole body [26 ] and histologic experiments.

All experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea, and the methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Male diabetic db/db mice (C57BLKS/J- Leprdb/Leprdb, n = 10) and male nondiabetic db/m mice (C57BLKS/J- Leprdb/+, n = 10) were purchased at 6 to 7 weeks of age from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, MA, USA). Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO, nondiabetic control model, n = 10) and OLETF (Type 2 diabetic mellitus model, n = 10) rats were purchased from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokushima, Japan). The animals were anesthetized with Zoletil (Virvac Laboratories, Carros, France) and xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun TS, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) by intraperitoneal injection at 16 and 46 weeks of age, respectively.