Electromyographic (EMG) studies were performed 10 days after the injection of cisplatin. EMG recordings were obtained 3 times from the right sciatic nerve, stimulated supramaximally (intensity 10 V, duration 0.05 ms, frequency 1 Hz, in the range of 0.5–5000 Hz, 40 kHz/s with a sampling rate) by a bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode (BIOPAC Systems, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) from the sciatic notch. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) were recorded from 2-3 interosseous muscles by unipolar platinum electrodes. Data were evaluated by Biopac Student Lab Pro version 3.6.7 software (BIOPAC Systems, Inc) where distal latency and amplitude of CMAP were used as the parameters. During the EMG recordings, rectal temperatures of the rats were monitored by a rectal probe (HP Viridia 24-C; Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and the body temperature of each rat was kept at approximately 36-37°C by a heating pad. Following the EMG recordings, animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected with cardiac puncture for biochemical measurements. These samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature and stored at −20°C until they are assayed.
Bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode
Manufactured by Biopac
Sourced in United States
The Bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode is a lab equipment product designed for delivering electrical stimulation to targeted areas of the body. It consists of two needles that can be inserted subcutaneously to provide localized stimulation. The core function of this product is to generate and deliver electrical impulses for research or experimental purposes.
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5 protocols using bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode
1
Cisplatin-Induced Sciatic Nerve EMG Assessment
2
Electrophysiological Evaluation of Sciatic Nerve in Rats
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Rats were anesthetized by a combination of ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 80 mg/kg (Alfamine; Alfasan International B.V. Holland) and 10 mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride (Alfazyne; Alfasan International B.V. Holland). Electrophysiological recordings (EMG studies) were performed in all groups at the end of the study. EMG was obtained three times from both sciatic nerves stimulated supramaximal (intensity 10 V, duration 0.05 ms, frequency 1 Hz, in the range of 0.5‒5000 Hz, 40 kHz/s with a sampling rate) by a bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode (BIOPAC Systems, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA) from the sciatic notch. Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded from 2‒3 interosseous muscles through unipolar platinum electrodes. Data were evaluated using Biopac Student Lab Pro version 3.6.7 software (BIOPAC Systems, Inc.) with distal latency and amplitude of CMAP as the parameters. During the EMG recordings, the rectal temperatures of the rats were monitored by a rectal probe (HP Viridia 24-C; Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA), and the temperature of each rat was kept at approximately 36‒37°C by a heating pad. All experiments were performed between 10:00 a.m. and 02:00 p.m.
3
Electrophysiological Assessment of Cisplatin-Induced Neuropathy
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Electrophysiological recordings were performed 3 days after cisplatin. EMG was recorded under anesthesia (100 mg/kg, Ketasol, Richter Pharma AG, Austria)/xylazine (10 mg/kg, Rompun, Bayer, Germany). EMG was obtained three times from the right sciatic nerve stimulated supramaximally (intensity 10 V, duration 0.05 ms, frequency 1 Hz, in the range of 0.5–5000 Hz, 40 kHz/s with a sampling rate) by a bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode (BIOPAC Systems, Santa Barbara, CA) from the sciatic notch. Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded from 2–3 interosseous muscles by unipolar platinum electrodes. Data were evaluated using 3.6.7 software (BIOPAC Systems, Inc) with distal latency and amplitude of CMAP as the parameters. During the EMG recordings, the rectal temperatures of the rats were monitored by a rectal probe (HP Viridia 24-C; Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA), and the temperature of each rat was kept at approximately 36–37°C by a heating pad.
4
Cisplatin-Induced Nerve Damage Assessment
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Recordings of electrophysiology EMG investigations were conducted 10 days following cisplatin administration. The right sciatic nerve was stimulated supramaximally (intensity 10 V, duration 0.05 ms, frequency 1 Hz, in the range of 0.5-5000 Hz, 40 kHz/s with a sampling rate) three times using a bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode (BIOPAC Systems, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA). Unipolar platinum electrodes were used to record CMAPs from 2-3 interosseous muscles (Fig. 1). Biopac Student Lab Pro version 3.6.7 software (BIOPAC Systems, Inc) was used to analyze the data, with distal latency and CMAP amplitude as the parameters. During the EMG recordings, the rats' rectal temperatures were measured using a rectal probe (HP Viridia 24-C; Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA), and the temperature of each rat was regulated between 36 and 37 degrees Celsius using a heating pad. Animals were euthanized after EMG recordings, and blood samples were taken by heart puncture for biochemical analysis. They were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm at room temperature before being stored at -20 °C until the assay.
5
Electrophysiological Assessment of Rat Sciatic Nerve
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Rats were anesthetized by combination of ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 80 mg/kg (Alfamine, Alfasan International B.V. Holland) and 10 mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride (Alfazyne, Alfasan International B.V. Holland).
Electrophysiological recordings (EMG studies) were performed in all groups at the end of the study. EMG was obtained three times from the right sciatic nerve stimulated supramaximally (intensity 10 V, duration 0.05 ms, frequency 1 Hz, in the range of 0.5-5000 Hz, 40 kHz/s with a sampling rate) by a bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode (BIOPAC Systems, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA) from the sciatic notch. CMAPs were recorded from 2-3 interosseous muscles by unipolar platinum electrodes. Data were evaluated using Biopac Student Lab Pro version 3.6.7 software (BIOPAC Systems, Inc) with distal latency and amplitude of CMAP as the parameters. During the EMG recordings, rectal temperatures of the rats were monitored by a rectal probe (HP Viridia 24-C; Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA) and the temperature of each rat was kept at approximately 36 -37 °C by heating pad. All experiments were performed between 10:00 a.m. and 14:00 p.m.
Electrophysiological recordings (EMG studies) were performed in all groups at the end of the study. EMG was obtained three times from the right sciatic nerve stimulated supramaximally (intensity 10 V, duration 0.05 ms, frequency 1 Hz, in the range of 0.5-5000 Hz, 40 kHz/s with a sampling rate) by a bipolar subcutaneous needle stimulation electrode (BIOPAC Systems, Inc, Santa Barbara, CA) from the sciatic notch. CMAPs were recorded from 2-3 interosseous muscles by unipolar platinum electrodes. Data were evaluated using Biopac Student Lab Pro version 3.6.7 software (BIOPAC Systems, Inc) with distal latency and amplitude of CMAP as the parameters. During the EMG recordings, rectal temperatures of the rats were monitored by a rectal probe (HP Viridia 24-C; Hewlett-Packard Company, Palo Alto, CA) and the temperature of each rat was kept at approximately 36 -37 °C by heating pad. All experiments were performed between 10:00 a.m. and 14:00 p.m.
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