All reagents were of analytical grade. Methanol and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from JT Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Miquelianin, rutin, and quercetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Quercitrin was purchased from InterPharm (Koyang-si, Korea). Formic acid was purchased from Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co. Ltd. (Kyunggi, Korea) and fine dust (FD, Phyllite powder, PH-DG2000) was bought from Hongik Bio Tech Co. Ltd. (Jeonnam, Korea).
Miquelianin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Miquelianin is a high-quality lab equipment product designed for use in scientific research and analysis. It serves as a versatile tool for various applications within the scientific community.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Umbelliferone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isoquercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycitein, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pinocembrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isovitexin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Orientin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vitexin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Taxifolin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Salicylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using miquelianin
1
Phyllite Powder Extraction and Analysis
2
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Standards of the phenolic compounds 2-OH cinnamic acid, 4-OH benzaldehyde, apigenin, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, emodin, epicatechin, gallic aicd, genistein, glycitein, hesperidin, homoorientin, isoquercetin, isovitexin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, luteolin, n-feruloyl octopamine, naringenin, neochlorogenic acid, mauritianin, miquelianin, orientin, p-coumaric acid, pinocembrin, quercetin, quercitrin, rhamnetin, rutin, salicylic acid, taxifolin, umbelliferone, vitexin, and the internal standard probenecid and verapamil hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (LC-MS grade, ≥99.9%) was obtained from Riedel de Haën (Seelze, Germany). Formic acid (LC-MS grade, 99%) was purchased from VWR (Leuven, Belgium). Pure water was attained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
3
Molecular Mechanisms of Phytochemical-Mediated AhR Modulation
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Quercetin, isorhamnetin, miquelianin, B[a]P, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), nuclease P1, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Triton X-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Minimum essential medium (MEM), penicillin/streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), sodium pyruvate, and trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Welgene (Daegu, South Korea). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biosesang (Seongnam, South Korea). Fluorescent mounting medium was purchased from Dako (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Antibodies (anti-NRF2, AhR, CYP1A1, GSTA1, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, ABCC2, ABCC3, and β-actin) and Alexa 488-conjugated anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).
4
Quantification of Polyphenol Standards
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High-purity standards, such as chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, CHA); quercetin (QU); kaempferol (KA); p-coumaric acid (p-CA); miquelianin (quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, MQ); 2-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (PAA); protocatechuic acid (PCA); 3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (PPA); 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (dihydrocaffeic acid, DCA); and ascorbic acid (AA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while proanthocyanidin A2 (PA2) was obtained from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). The standards of juglanin (kaempferol 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside, JU), avicularin (quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside, AV) and kaempferitrin (kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L -rhamnopyranoside, KT) were isolated previously in the Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland, from the flowers and leaves of P. spinosa, with HPLC and NMR purity > 98% [26 (link),27 (link)]. The structures of the model native polyphenols and phenolic metabolites investigated in the study are presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , respectively.
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