Fifteen XDRPA isolates, defined as nonsusceptibility to ≥1 agent in all classes but ≤2 categories including colistin (18 (link)), collected from China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020, were used in this study. The compounds of ceftazidime, avibactam, and imipenem were purchased from MedChemExpress (MCE). These drugs were dissolved in sterile solvents to generate a stock solution, and solutions with various concentrations were further prepared in Mueller-Hinton broth. Others (aztreonam, amikacin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam) were from Wenzhou KONT Biology & Technology Co., Ltd.
Ceftazidime
Manufactured by MedChemExpress
Sourced in United States
Ceftazidime is a type of laboratory equipment used in scientific research and drug development. It is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is commonly used for the detection and analysis of various compounds and substances. The core function of Ceftazidime is to provide a reliable and accurate method for measuring and quantifying the presence and concentration of specific chemical entities in samples.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Avibactam, by MedChemExpress (5 mentions)
Meropenem, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Imipenem, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
Gentamicin, by GoldBio (1 mentions)
Tetracycline, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
Azithromycin, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
Polymyxin b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin g, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sytox green, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Imipenem, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
E coli strain 25922, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Colistin sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Meropenem, by Fresenius (1 mentions)
Ampicillin, by MedChemExpress (1 mentions)
Vitek 2 system, by bioMérieux (1 mentions)
6 protocols using ceftazidime
1
Multi-drug Resistant Pseudomonas Isolates Study
2
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol
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A. baumannii strains BAA‐1709, 19606, BAA‐1789 (MDR strain), BAA‐1792 (MDR strain), S. aureus strain 6538, E. coli strain 25922, E. aerogenes 13048, K. pneumonia 700603, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 9027 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The antibiotics rifampicin, tetracycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and colistin sulfate were bought from MedChem Express. Colistimethate sodium was purchased from Cayman Chemical. Penicillin G was obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich. Gentamicin was purchased from Gold Biotechnology. Polymyxin B was bought from Merck. Imipenem was obtained from MerckSharp & Dohme Corp. Peptide R10 (RRRRRRRRRR‐CONH2) was bought from GL Biochem (Shanghai). MM 4–64 dye (N‐(3‐triethylammoniumpropyl)‐4‐(6‐(4‐(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridinium dibromide) was purchased from Santa Cruz. SYTOX Green was purchased from Life Technologies.
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A. baumannii strains BAA‐1709, 19606, BAA‐1789 (MDR strain), BAA‐1792 (MDR strain), S. aureus strain 6538, E. coli strain 25922, E. aerogenes 13048, K. pneumonia 700603, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 9027 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The antibiotics rifampicin, tetracycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and colistin sulfate were bought from MedChem Express. Colistimethate sodium was purchased from Cayman Chemical. Penicillin G was obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich. Gentamicin was purchased from Gold Biotechnology. Polymyxin B was bought from Merck. Imipenem was obtained from MerckSharp & Dohme Corp. Peptide R10 (RRRRRRRRRR‐CONH2) was bought from GL Biochem (Shanghai). MM 4–64 dye (N‐(3‐triethylammoniumpropyl)‐4‐(6‐(4‐(diethylamino)phenyl)hexatrienyl)pyridinium dibromide) was purchased from Santa Cruz. SYTOX Green was purchased from Life Technologies.
3
Antibiotic Stock Preparation Protocol
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Ceftazidime and avibactam were purchased from MedChemExpress (NJ, USA). Colistin sulfate was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Stock solutions of antibiotics (10,240 mg/L) were prepared in sterile water, stored at −80°C, and diluted in Mueller Hinton Broth II cation adjusted (MHB) on the day of experiment to achieve the desired concentrations.
4
Evaluating Antimicrobial Combinations
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Commercially available meropenem (Fresenius Kabi, CA, USA; Lot: 4A2OE14) and ceftazidime (Teligent Pharma, Inc., NJ, USA; Lot: FZG001) were used for all in vivo experiments. Analytical-grade avibactam (MedChem Express, NJ, USA; Lot: 23312) was used for both in vitro MIC and in vivo experiments. MIC trays were produced using analytical-grade ceftazidime (MedChem Express, NJ, USA; Lot: 64042) and meropenem (Sigma–Aldrich, WY, USA; Lot: LRAB7853).
5
Antimicrobial agents for in vivo studies
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Commercially available cefiderocol (Shionogi, Japan), ceftazidime (Sandoz, IL, USA; Astral Steri Tech Pvt Ltd, India), ampicillin/sulbactam (Meitheal Pharmaceuticals, IL, USA) and meropenem (Aurobindo Pharma Limited-Hyderabad, India) were used for all in vivo experiments. Analytical grade avibactam (MedChemExpress, NJ, USA) was used in the ceftazidime/avibactam human simulating regimen (HSR).16 (link) Analytical standard powders were used for the preparation of broth microdilution MIC trays (Cefiderocol: Shionogi, Japan; ceftazidime: MedChemExpress, NJ, USA; avibactam: MedChemExpress, NJ, USA; meropenem: Sigma-Aldrich, WY, USA; ampicillin: MedChemExpress, NJ, USA; sulbactam: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, MD, USA).
6
Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of XDR and PDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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We collected 67 P. aeruginosa from critically ill patients admitted to the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to November 2021. A total of 10 P. aeruginosa strains were categorized as XDR according to CLSI criteria. Moreover, 57 P. aeruginosa strains were categorized as PDR (Abbey and Deak, 2019 (link)). All P. aeruginosa were identified by VITEK®2 system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France). Ceftazidime, avibactam, and aztreonam standards were purchased from MedChemExpress. The resistance rates of XDR/PDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone-sulbactam, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, Ceftazidime, levofloxacin, meropenem, tobramycin, amikacin and gentamicin were 89.6%, 100%, 89.6%, 100%, 97%, 89.6%, 100%, 97.1%, 100%, 100%, respectively.
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