All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v. 28 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The data tested for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test are expressed as means ± SD and the skew-distributed data as medians and lower and upper quartiles. An independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare current smokers and non-smokers. For the frequency distribution, Pearson’s χ2-test was used. Correlations were tested using Spearman’s rank order correlation. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. The significance levels are presented both without and with Bonferroni correction for the number of NO variables investigated.
Spss v 28 for windows
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS v.28 for Windows is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for data analysis, including data management, statistical modeling, and reporting. The software is designed to help users effectively analyze data, gain insights, and make informed decisions.
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Lab products found in correlation
9 protocols using spss v 28 for windows
1
Smoking Habit's Impact on Biomarkers
2
Overnight Light and Sound Levels
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All data were analyzed using SPSS v.28 for Windows. Separate mixed model ANOVAs were performed to assess for main and interaction effects of ‘time’ and either ‘room’ (patient rooms) or ‘zone’ (nurses’ stations) for overnight light levels. Separate mixed model ANOVAs were also performed to assess for the main effects of ‘time’ for overnight sound levels in patient rooms and nurses’ stations. Where significant main effects were found, post hoc analyses using pairwise comparisons (Bonferroni) were performed. As light measurements were not normally disturbed, data were log transformed prior to statistical analyses. Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated. Significance was assumed at p ≤ 0.05.
3
Comparing Intervention Outcomes in Clinical Trial
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Data will be entered into SPSS V. 28 for Windows. Descriptive statistics will be generated for the demographic data, outcomes and other variables. Similarities in the sociodemographic and baseline outcome variables between the two groups/subgroups will be compared using an independent sample t (two-tailed) or χ2 test. The analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Participants will be asked to complete outcome questionnaires whether or not they have completed the interventions.
4
Gender Discrimination in the Profession
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Data obtained from the survey will be downloaded from the hosting website. These data will undergo descriptive analysis and inter-group comparison using SPSS v.28 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The primary outcome of this study is to investigate the difference in discrimination experienced by all genders across the profession, measured by the presence of perceived discrimination in any domain using logistic regression. Subgroup analyses will investigate variance by country/continent. Continuous variables with normal distribution will be presented as the mean (s .d .); non-normal variables will be reported as the median (interquartile range). The means of two continuous normally distributed variables will be compared by Student’s independent-samples t-test. The Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test will be used to compare means of two and three or more groups of variables non-normally distributed. The frequencies of categorical variables will be compared using Pearson χ2 or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. A value of P < 0.05 will be considered significant.
5
Survival Analysis of Treatment Outcomes
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A descriptive analysis of the evaluated variables was carried out. Means and standard deviations were calculated for quantitative variables and absolute values and percentages for categorical variables. Means were compared using the Student’s t-test.
Survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier curves. Any reason for discontinuation was reported and used for the analysis. Treatment survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed “as observed” using IBM SPSS v28 for Windows®.
Survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier curves. Any reason for discontinuation was reported and used for the analysis. Treatment survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Analyses were performed “as observed” using IBM SPSS v28 for Windows®.
6
Statistical Analysis of MedDiet Adherence
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Statistical analysis was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.28 for Windows, IBM Software Group, Chicago, IL, USA). Data were achieved at baseline. Results are represented as the mean with standard deviation (SD), and for all statistics, the level of significance was established at p < 0.05. Participants were classified in tertiles according to their adherence to the MedDiet. The normal distribution of the continuous data was assessed using histograms and normal probability plots. The statistical significance of the data was checked with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) when variables fit a normal distribution or the Kruskal–Wallis test for non-normally distributed variables. Bonferroni’s post hoc test was performed when significant differences were obtained between groups. Sex, as a categorical variable, was expressed as a percentage and was analysed using the χ2 test.
7
Dietary Adherence and Outcome Analysis
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The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.28 for Windows, IBM Software Group, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Data were obtained at baseline and after 6 months Results are represented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM), and the level of significance was established at p < 0.05 for all statistics. The statistical significance of the data was checked by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) after adjustment for adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD) and time (T). Furthermore, the analysis of each variable was adjusted by baseline values of the analyzed variable. A Bonferroni post hoc test was carried out when significant differences were found between groups.
8
Nonlinear Regression Analysis of Drug Potency
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The CD concentrations were converted to Log10 values, and curve fit and IC50 values were calculated using the Nonlinear regression One site—Fit logIC50 function of the Prism software, version 7 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical significance was assessed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons against the control (vehicle-exposed) group. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Prism statistical analysis software, version 7 (GraphPad Software, CA, USA) or SPSS for Windows v.28 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
9
Housekeeping Gene Stability Analysis
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Stability values were calculated for each candidate housekeeping gene elongation factor 1α– Lym EF1α and β–tubulin – Lym βTUB) using NormFinder (https://moma.dk/normfinder-software ) 58 (link), taking into account intra and intergroup variation. The geometric mean of Cqs of the reference genes was used as calibrator. For an appropriate application of the comparative ΔΔCt method, it was demonstrated that the amplification efficiency of the target genes and endogenous control gene were approximately equal. Extreme outliers were excluded before the statistical analysis using the boxplot tool in SPSS (more than 3 × the interquartile range outside the end of the interquartile box). Analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows v.28 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).
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