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4 438 protocols using image pro plus 6

1

Cardiac Infarct and Fibrosis Assessment

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At day 14 post-reperfusion, rats were euthanized with a lethal dose of sodium methohexital. Hearts were rapidly excised and arrested in ice-cold saturated potassium chloride buffer, and LV conserved in Bouin’s fixative solution, as described previously [51 (link)]. After fixation, the LV was cut into several slices perpendicular to the apex-to-base axis. LV sections were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Then, 10-μm histological slices were stained with Sirius red for IS and fibrosis assessment.
For IS, LV sections were photographed under a light microscope (×1.25, Carl Zeiss, GmbH, Jena, Germany). Endocardial and epicardial circumferences of infarcted tissue and of the LV were determined and IS was calculated as (endocardial + epicardial circumference of the infarcted tissue)/(endocardial+epicardial circumference of the LV) × 100 using Image Pro Plus 6.3 software (Media Cybernetics, Rockville, Maryland, MD, USA) [51 (link)].
For fibrosis, cardiac collagen density was measured. Sections were photographed (×40, Carl Zeiss, GmbH, Jena, Germany), analyzed (Image Pro Plus 6.3 software, Media Cybernetics, Rockville, Maryland MD, USA) and collagen density was calculated as the surface occupied by collagen/the surface of the image [51 (link)]. On each section, several fields were photographed (15–20 images/rat) and mean collagen density was calculated.
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2

Quantifying Cardiac Fibrosis and Sympathetic Innervation

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Biatrial and ‐ventricular tissues were dehydrated by sequential washes with 70% ethanol, 80% ethanol, 90% ethanol, and 100% ethanol and then imbedded in the paraffin. Sections were cut parallel to the plane of atrioventricular annulus to include the epi‐ and endocardial aspects of the myocardium in each slice and dyed with Masson's trichrome, which resulted in fibrotic (collagen‐enriched) areas appearing blue, whereas cellular elements appeared red. Masson's trichrome‐stained myocardial sections were imaged, and the collagen areas of ventricle and atria were calculated as a percentage of the total ventricular and atrial myocardial areas with an image analyzer (Image‐Pro Plus 6.0; Media Cybernetics, Inc., Rockville, MD), respectively. This result served as an estimate of progression of fibrosis. For the immunohistochemistry staining, antibodies for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were used to stain sympathetic nerves. Sympathetic neuron marker densities were measured as total area of nerves (μm2) per square millimeter with an image analyzer (Image‐Pro Plus 6.0; Media Cybernetics).
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3

Tube Formation and Wound Healing Assays

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For tube formation experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were digested with 0.25% trypsin and seeded in Matrigel-coated 48-well plates at 1 × 105 cells per well with 200 μL conditioned medium from modLuciferase-transfected or modVEGFA-transfected fibroblasts on CEMC. Tube formation was visualized and photographed every 2 h after treatment using a DMI3000B microscope (Leica). The number of tubes and junctions was counted using Image-pro plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics). All experiments were performed independently with five replicates per group.
For the wound healing assays, 5 × 105 HUVECs were cultured in each well of a 6-well plate. Straight scratches were made in confluent HUVEC monolayers with a sterile 100 μL pipette tip and then incubated with conditioned medium collected from modLuciferase-transfected or modVEGFA-transfected fibroblasts on CEMC for 48 h. Images were captured with a DMI3000B microscope (Leica) at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h and analyzed using Image-pro plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics). All experiments were conducted with five replicates per group.
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4

Histological Analysis of Hair Follicles

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HE-stained sections were scanned using a PANNORAMIC (3DHISTECH Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) panoramic slice scanner, and the images were analyzed using Image-ProPlus6.0 software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA) to calculate the number of hair follicles, hair follicle area, number of hair follicles per unit area, epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, and hair follicle diameter. The PANNORAMIC panoramic slice scanner was used for scanning and imaging for immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and the pictures were processed using Image-ProPlus6.0 software (Media Cybernetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA). For each slice, three fields of view were selected to calculate the average optical density of the positive reactant and distribution density of various regions. To calculate the RT-qPCR results, the −2ΔΔCT method [24 (link)] was used in Excel software. SPSS 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software was used to perform a one-way analysis of variance on all the above data. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error (S.E.) deviation; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
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5

Mandibular Bone Tissue Analysis

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i) Gross observation: two experimental animals were sacrificed at postoperative 3, 9 and 12 weeks, and bilateral mandibles were removed for gross observation.
ii) Imaging: X-ray imaging of mandibles were obtained under the same projection conditions. Optical density was analyzed and measured by Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA) software.
iii) Histological examination: Partial specimen tissues of the same region were removed and processed by conventional demineralization, fixation, staining, sliced, and followed by observation under inverted phase contrast microscope.
iv) The ratio of bone tissue surface on each slice was calculated by Adobe Photoshop 7.0 (Adobe Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) and Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (Media Cybernetics Inc., Rockville, MD, USA) software. To obtain accurate results, the percentage of bone area was calculated after extracting the serial slices of the same part from all the specimens.
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of CXCR4, CXCR7, and CXCL12 Expression

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First, all slides were reviewed by two senior pathologists to confirm diagnosis, following which the expression of CXCR4, CXCR7, and CXCL12 was analyzed by the IHC method on FFPE tissue blocks. For CXCR4 (1:100 dilution, ab2074, rabbit anti-human, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and CXCR7 (1:50 dilution, MAB42273 mouse monoclonal anti-Hu-CXCR7 [11G8], R&D system), and CXCL12 (1:50 dilution, MAB 350 mouse monoclonal anti-Hu-CXCL12 [79018], R&D system), heat-induced epitope retrieval was performed.
The image system comprised a camera (Olympus BX51, Japan). The expression of CXCR7, CXCR4, and CXCL12 was identified by the digital image analysis using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software (Image-Pro Plus 6.0, Media Cybernetics Inc). The relative protein expression was quantified and defined as follows: density mean = density sum/area sum.
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7

Testicular Size and Apoptosis Analysis

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H&E-stained cross-sections of testes from 8-week-old THOR-deficient and WT mice were analyzed for seminiferous tube size. A minimum of three different regions were analyzed per section. The seminiferous tube size and cross-sectional area were calculated using ImagePro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA). Apoptosis analysis was performed on TUNEL-stained testicular cross-sections from 8-week-old THOR-deficient and WT mice. A minimum of three different regions were analyzed per section. The number of apoptotic seminiferous cells was calculated using ImagePro Plus 6.0 software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA).
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8

Tissue Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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After being homogenized at a low temperature through the addition of nine times the volume of RIPA (P0013b, Beyotime Bio., Beijing, China) and the protease inhibitor (P1005, Beyotime Bio., Beijing, China), the tissue samples from the hypothalamus and jejunum were crushed using ultrasound and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 10 min. After the supernatants were collected, a BCA kit (P0012, Beyotime Bio., Beijing, China) was used to quantify the protein. The SDS-PAGE (PG112, Epizyme Biotech, Shanghai, China) was used to separate the proteins, and a PVDF membrane (IPVH00010, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) was used for the membrane transfer experiment. In this study, the PVDF membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C, including against polyclonal rabbit antibody NPY, PYY, 5-HT2C, ghrelin, obestatin and GHSR (1:1000, BIOSS, Beijing, China). Subsequently, the goat anti-rabbit IgG, as the secondary antibody, was labeled using HRP (1:2000, A0208, Beyotime Bio., Beijing, China). Finally, a Fusion imaging system (Fusion FX, Vilber, Paris, France) was used to take the photographs and the optical density were calculated using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 (Image Pro-Plus 6.0, Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA).
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9

Microscopic Analysis of Ovarian Histology

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The histological sections of the ovaries were observed under a microscope (ELIPSE 80i; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Five stained sections randomly selected from ten gilts in each group were examined. To evaluate the amount of cell staining, the images were analyzed using an image analysis software (Image Pro-Plus 6.0; Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD, USA). To assess the expression intensity of positive substance, we used an image analysis software (Image Pro-Plus 6.0; Media Cybernetics) to obtain the total cross-sectional IOD.
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10

Histological Examination of Small Intestinal Tissue

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Small intestinal tissue samples immersed and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for more than 24 h were cut into small pieces of approximately 1 cm2. Subsequently, the sections were dehydrated, embedded, trimmed, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and sealed. The small intestinal villus length (V) and crypt depth (C) were observed by light microscopy and measured by the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software analysis program (Image-Pro Plus 6.0 Media Cybernetics, Rockville, MD, USA). At least five villi and crypts were randomly selected for each slice, and the measured data were taken as the average. The V/C ratio was calculated.
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