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35 protocols using osmotic minipump

1

Angiotensin II Infusion in Mice

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All experiments conform to the protocols approved by UAB Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Eight-weeks-old C57BL/6J mice (Jackson lab, Bar Harbor, ME) were subcutaneously implanted with osmotic minipump (models 1007D, 2002 and 2004, ALZET DURECT, CA, USA) to continuously deliver ANG II (1000 ng.kg−1.min−1; cat# 05-23-0101, EMD Millipore, MA, USA) or saline (vehicle) for 3d, 14d and 28d as previously described [4 ].
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2

Minocycline Infusion for Neurological Research

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ICV minocycline infusion was carried out on the same day as MCT injection. Briefly, rats were anesthetized with Isoflurane/O2 mixture (4%), and the head was fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA). Body temperature was maintained at 37 ± 1°C using heating pads. A brain infusion cannula was implanted into the left cerebroventricle at coordinates 1.0 caudal to bregma, 1.9 mm lateral to midline and 4.5 mm ventral to the skull surface and fixed to the skull with stainless steel screws and dental cement. The outer end of the cannula was connected to an osmotic mini-pump (model 2004, Durect Corporation, Cupertino, CA) which was implanted in the neck subcutaneously. Using the cannulae and pumps, either minocycline (5 μg/h; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; Tocris Bioscience, UK) was infused for four weeks into the left cerebroventricle at a flow rate of 0.25 μl/h. Rats received a single dose of buprenorphine (0.05 mg/kg b.w.; Buprenex, Pfizer, NY) subcutaneously during surgery, and were monitored daily throughout the experimental period.
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3

Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Aneurysm in Mice

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Male ApoE/− mice were purchased from Charles River in Beijing. Age-matched male α7nAChR−/− mice (Stock number: 003232) and WT mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory in USA, and bred in our animal facility. All mice were housed under a relative humidity about 50%, constant temperature (22–25 °C), standard light conditions (12 h-light/12 h-dark cycle) and were free to food and water. The whole experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tongji University and in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, which was published by the Ministry of Health, People’s Republic of China and National Institutes of Health.
Male ApoE−/− mice (about 6-month-old), male WT and α7nAChR−/− mice (about 12-month-old) were used to induce AAA formation by Ang II. Briefly, mouse was anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, ip) and implanted with an osmotic minipump (#2004#, Durect corporation, USA), which could deliver Ang II at a rate of 1000 ng·kg−1·min−1 for 4 week successively. PNU-282987 (1 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip) was injected to activate α7nAChR in ApoE−/− mice. Four weeks after surgery, mice were killed after anesthesia to obtain the abdominal aorta for analysis. An aneurysm was defined by at least 50% dilation in the diameter of abdominal aorta from Ang II-infused mice as compared with the control.
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4

Chronic Isoproterenol Infusion in Mice

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Two- to three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were given chronic ISO (Sigma–Aldrich) infusion via an osmotic mini-pump (DURECT Corporation) at a dose of 60 mg/kg/day for 2 or 7 days4 (link).
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5

Intracerebroventricular Drug Delivery in Rats

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Rats were implanted with a stainless-steel cannula with its tip in the lateral ventricle under ketamine /xylazine anesthesia and buprenorphine analgesia. The cannula was connected to an osmotic minipump (#2001 or #2002, Alzet Durect) subcutaneously placed in the interscapular space, as previously described (Perez-Tilve et al., 2010 (link)). The rats received SHU at 2.5 nmol/d or vehicle (saline) for 7 or 14 d as indicated.
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6

Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension Model

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Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored daily (24-hour averages) by radio-telemetry to accurately and chronically evaluate the effectiveness of the Ang II infusion and the pharmacological treatments on blood pressure (19 , 43 (link), 46 (link)). Animals were provided 7 days of recovery following implantation of the bio-telemeters prior to initiating the study. After recovery, animals were anesthetized and subcutaneously implanted with an osmotic mini-pump (Durect Corp, Cupertino, CA; Model 2004) to infuse Ang II (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 28 days. SBP recording began the day after mini-pump implantation and discontinued the evening before dissections. Animals were maintained individually in metabolic cages in a temperature and light controlled room. Animals had unrestricted access to water and chow throughout the experiment. Infusion of Ang II began on day 1 of the study and animals were allowed 6 days to become hypertensive prior to drug treatments to mimic the conditions in which ARB and/or eplerenone would be prescribed. The diets containing ARB, eplerenone, or combo began on day 6 for a period of 21 days.
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7

Telemetry Probe and Icv Cannula Implantation

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Telemetry Probe Implantation: A radiotelemetry device (PA-C40, DSI, MN, USA) was implanted into the abdominal aorta via the left femoral artery under ketamine anaesthesia (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) ketamine; 3 mg/kg ip xylazine).
Icv cannula and osmotic minipump placement: Following telemetry implantation and surgical recovery (5–7 days) animals were anaesthetized (30 mg/kg ip ketamine in combination with 3 mg/kg ip xylazine) and stereotaxically implanted with a stainless steel cannula into the right lateral cerebral ventricle (Plastics One, VA, USA), which was connected via silastic tubing to an osmotic minipump (model 2004; Durect Corporation, CA, USA) for icv infusion [21 (link)].
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8

Effects of MC3/4R Antagonism on Cardiovascular and Feeding Behaviors

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Mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and food intake were recorded daily. After a 5-day control period, the MC3/4R antagonist, SHU-9119, was infused intracerebroventricularly (1 nmol/h at 0.5 µl/h) for 10 consecutive days via osmotic minipump (model 2002; Durect Corp., Cupertino, California, USA). Under isoflurane anesthesia, the osmotic minipump was implanted subcutaneously in the scapular region and connected to the intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula using tygon tubing (Cole Parmer, Vernon Hills, Illinois, USA). The rate of SHU-9119 infusion was based on previous studies showing that this dose effectively blocks MC4R and increases food intake, promotes weigh gain, and reduces BP and HR [6 (link)]. On the last day of SHU-9119 infusion, the cannula connecting the minipump with the ICV cannula was severed to stop the infusion, and the rats were followed for an additional 5-day post-treatment period. All animals were fasted for 5 h before blood samples (200 µl) were collected via a tail snip once during control, on day 10 of SHU infusion, and on day 5 of post-treatment period.
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9

Transgenic Mouse Model Pharmacology

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We used adult (12–16 weeks) male 0-copy, 2-copy, and 4-copy littermate mice. There were seven groups of animals: i) 0-copy, sham; ii) 2-copy, sham; iii) 2-copy + A71915 (1 μg/kg/day); iv) 2-copy+Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (5 μg/kg/day); v) 4-copy, sham; vi) 4-copy+A71915 (1 μg/kg/day); and vii) 4-copy+Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (5 μg/kg/day). Eight to ten mice were used in each group. All drugs were subcutaneously infused for 15 days using an osmotic minipump (Alzet Durect, Cupertino, CA, USA).
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10

Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia and MC4R Antagonist

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Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR (average of 24-hour measurements), and food intake were recorded daily. After a 5-day control period, the MC4R antagonist, SHU-9119, was infused ICV (1 nmol/h at 0.5 μl/h) for 14 consecutive days via an osmotic minipump (model 2002, Durect Corp., Cupertino, CA) implanted (under isoflurane anesthesia) subcutaneously between the scapulae and connected to the ICV cannula by a tygon tubing (Cole Parmer, 0.38 mmm ID, Vernon Hills, IL). The dose of SHU-9119 was based on previous studies.13 (link),15 (link),16 (link) On the 6th day of SHU-9119 infusion, the rats were exposed to CIH 8 hrs/day as previously described47 (link) while SHU-9119 infusion was continued for 8 days. On the last day of SHU-9119 infusion, we severed the tygon tubing connecting the pump to the ICV cannula to stop infusion, and CIH was continued for an additional 8 days. Then CIH was stopped and the rats were studied for an additional 6-day post-treatment period (Fig 7). After a 5-hour fast blood samples (200 μl) were collected via a tail snip once during the control period, again on day 10 of SHU-9119 treatment, and day 5 of the recovery post-treatment period.
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