All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS version 25.0 for Windows, adopting an alpha error rate of 0.05 (two-tailed) and a conservative statistical power of 95%. Interrater reliability for the analysis was ascertained preliminarily using Cohen’s κ statistic, to ensure consistency of clinician-administered ratings among raters and minimize rating bias. The normality of data distribution and the homogeneity of variance were verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests, respectively. Parametric comparative analyses for demographic and clinical characteristics of the groups were performed using an independent-samples Student t-test for continuous variables where appropriate (with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test planned for nonparametric distributions) and chi-square analysis for categorical variables (again, nonparametric as appropriate). Pearson’s or Spearman’s rho correlations were calculated for selected clinical variables as appropriate. Binary logistic regression (dependent variable = AN+/AN-) was carried out using the conditional backward logistic regression method for those variables having a significantly different distribution between the AN+ vs. AN- groups upon descriptive analysis; linear regression analysis using BMI as a dependent variable followed the logistic regression. Finally, missing data were excluded pairwise.
Spss version 25.0 for windows
Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS version 25.0 for Windows is a statistical software package that provides advanced analytical capabilities for data management, analysis, and reporting. It offers a wide range of tools and techniques for exploring, visualizing, and modeling data, making it a popular choice for researchers, analysts, and decision-makers across various industries.
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101 protocols using spss version 25.0 for windows
1
Clinical and Demographic Factors in Anorexia Nervosa
2
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
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Measured values were presented as mean ± SD or as a number (%). Intra-group distributions of variables were evaluated for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and histogram tests. Fisher's exact test or χ2 test was used to evaluate categorical variables and Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate continuous variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS version 25.0 for Windows was used for statistical analyses.
3
Retinal Artery Occlusion Analysis
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We used SPSS version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for statistical analyses. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. An analysis was performed using Pearson's χ2-test or trend analysis (linear-by-linear association) for categorical variables, and an independent t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables as appropriate. We divided our patients into subgroups based on the type of RAO (BRAO, complete or incomplete CRAO), the etiology of RAO (LAA, cardioembolism, or undetermined etiology), and age by decade (< 50 years; 50–60 years; 60–70 years; ≥ 70 years). The demographics, comorbidities, and cerebral MRI findings were compared between CRAO and BRAO, etiology of RAO, and age groups, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis (backward elimination) was conducted to identify independent predictors of the co-incident cerebral infarction, WMH, and SLI on cerebral MRI. Conventional risk factors including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity were considered in the uni- and multivariable analysis.
4
Comparative Analysis of Intervention Outcomes
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Our data was analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). All participants' baseline characteristics were expressed using descriptive statistics. The variables were summarized into mean and standard deviation, and the results were analyzed using the two-sample t and ANOVA tests. The two-sample t-test was used to compare baseline differences between groups. The paired t-test was used to compare variables before and after intervention. P-values less than 0.05 and confidence intervals of 95% were considered significant.
5
Statistical Analysis of Continuous and Categorical Variables
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All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Continuous variables are presented as mean ± SD, while categorical variables are presented as percentage. The independent samples t‐test was performed to test differences in continuous variables between the two groups while the Pearson chi‐square was performed to test the differences in categorical variables. Correlation was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.
6
Lymphocyte Count Statistical Analysis
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Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the distribution of relative and absolute (epi) lymphocyte counts. Since data did not have a normal distribution, Mann–Whitney U tests were used. For correlation analysis, Pearson r correlation tests were used, while unpaired t-tests were used for group comparison. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. All p-values are two-sided. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
7
Predicting Stage 3 AKI After SICH
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We used SPSS version 25.0 for Windows (Chicago, IL, USA) to perform statistical analysis. Data are expressed as the median with the 25th and 75th quartiles for skewed data or as the mean ± SD for normally distributed data. Differences between groups were evaluated by a non-parametric test or Student’s t-test. Percentages were compared using the chi-squared test. A multivariate logistic regression forward stepwise model was used to identify independent risk factors for SICH complicated to stage 3 AKI. Forest plots were created using GraphPad Prism. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off values for predicting the occurrence of stage 3 AKI. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank tests were used to compare the rates of renal recovery between the Injury and Failure groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors for renal recovery. In all analyses, p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
8
Heart Rate Variability Analysis Protocol
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Continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages. All continuous variables obey normal distribution according to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Q-Q plot. Two-tailed two-sample t-test and paired t-test were used respectively to compare continuous variables between and within groups. Bonferroni correction was used to correct the significance level. The chi-square test was used to compare groups of categorical variables. Correlations were analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to estimate factors influencing the HRV indices. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical graphics were drawn with GraphPad Prism 7.0 for Windows (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).
9
Examining Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Interventions
10
Lumbar Extension Strength Analysis
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The SPSS version 25.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to perform all statistical evaluations. The lumbar extension strength was further analyzed for significant difference among the groups using a one-way ANOVA. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the maximal of strength and predictors (weight, body mass index, and range of motion). The age group differences were assessed using a post-hoc Bonferroni test if the ANOVA was significant. The coefficient of determination r2 was calculated for the regression equations. r2 represents the percentage of variance by the independent variables to predict a dependent variable. The relationships among variables were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level. All variables are present as means and standard deviations.
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