Optima 4300 dv

Manufactured by PerkinElmer

Sourced in United States, Japan, United Kingdom

The Optima 4300 DV is a dual-view inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) designed for the analysis of a wide range of elements in a variety of sample types. It features a robust, high-frequency generator and a unique optical system that allows for simultaneous radial and axial viewing of the plasma.

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126 protocols using optima 4300 dv

Analyzing Polluted Soil Characteristics

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Polluted soil and the treatments were analyzed for pH according to Slattery et al. [31 ], total organic matter as per the method of Davies [32 ], and phosphorus (P₂O₅) by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; PerkinElmer Optima 4300 DV, PerkinElmer, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Total Kjeldahl-N (TN) was determined according to Bremner [33 ]. To determine total N content, an aliquot of each extract was analyzed by potentiometric titration with titrator equipment (Metrohm SM 702 Titrino).
Pore water samples were analyzed for pH with a pH meter, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) using a TOC analyzer (Shimadzu TNM-1, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan).
In addition, trace metal contents (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in PW, PS, TE25, TE50, and CO30 were also measured by acid digestion using a mixture of HNO₃ and HCl (1 : 3 v/v) in a microwave oven [34 (link)]. Analysis was processed by ICP-OES (PerkinElmer Optima 4300 DV, PerkinElmer, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA).
Table 1 summarizes some physicochemical characteristics and trace metal contents of PS, TE25, TE50, and CO30. Table 1 also shows the pH, DOC, and trace metal concentrations of the PW extractions for each treatment.

Novo L.A, & González L. (2014). Germination and Early Growth of Brassica juncea in Copper Mine Tailings Amended with Technosol and Compost. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 506392.

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Comprehensive Materials Characterization

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The phase structure of the samples was characterized on a power XRD (D8 Advance, Bruker Corp., Karlsruhe, Germany) using Cu Kα radiation (λ) 1.5406 Å. The morphology of the samples was observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM; S4800, Hitachi Corp., Chiyoda-ku, Japan). The elemental composition was measured with an Optima 4300DV ICP-AES (Optima 4300DV, PerkinElmer Corp., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan). Magnetic property was measured on VSM (JDAW-2000D, Yingpu Corp., Hangzhou, China). Nitrogen (N₂) adsorption-desorption isotherms were measured with a Micromeritics apparatus (TriStar II 3020, Micromeritics Instrument Corp., Norcross, GA, USA). UV-vis spectra were recorded on a UV-vis spectrophotometer (UV-2550 PC, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan).

Mao Z., Wu Q., Wang M., Yang Y., Long J, & Chen X. (2014). Tunable synthesis of SiO2-encapsulated zero-valent iron nanoparticles for degradation of organic dyes. Nanoscale Research Letters, 9(1), 501.

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Bioactive Glass-Doped Adhesive Evaluation

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Three resin-disk specimens were prepared for each tested material using silicon molds (ϕ = 10 mm; h = 2 mm) and light-cured for 40 s using a LED curing system (Litex 695; Dentamerica Inc., Industry, CA, USA). Subsequently, the specimens were polished using SiC papers up to #1000-grit under continuous distilled water (DW) irrigation. Specimens were immersed in DW (3 cm²/ml) and supernatants were collected to evaluate the ions release (Ca, Si, Cu) up to 28 days (Fig. 1A); this was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) (Optima 4300 DV; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). Further specimens were created as previously described and incubated in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 28 days at 37 °C and pH 7.4. The surface of the specimens were analyzed before and after SBF immersion using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Sigma 500; ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany), X-ray diffraction (XRD, Ultima IV; Rigaku, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA, 2θ = 5–70°, 2° min⁻¹), and FT-IR (Optima 4300DV; Perkin-Elmer) to evaluate the bioactivity of the adhesives doped with bioactive glasses^{19 (link),20 (link)}. A further five specimens (ϕ = 15 mm; h = 1.0 mm) were created for each tested material and assessed for water resorption and solubility^{19 (link)}.

Jun S.K., Yang S.A., Kim Y.J., El-Fiqi A., Mandakhbayar N., Kim D.S., Roh J., Sauro S., Kim H.W., Lee J.H, & Lee H.H. (2018). Multi-functional nano-adhesive releasing therapeutic ions for MMP-deactivation and remineralization. Scientific Reports, 8, 5663.

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Powder Characterization for Additive Manufacturing

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Particle size distribution (PSD) was checked on the Keyence VHX-6000 (Keyence International, Mechelen, Belgium) digital microscope and post-processed by binary image processing (with similar quality as the laser diffraction method). Powder flowability depends on grain size distribution. The key properties of the powders for AM applications are tap and apparent densities, and flowability. These properties were measured here with the following methods:

Apparent and tap densities—calculated according to the ASTM B212.

Flowability—flow rate tested using a calibrated funnel on the Hall flowmeter per the ISO4490:2018 standard.

Both powders were stored in an air-filled container for a few weeks, and they were dried at 150 °C for 60 min before testing.
The chemical composition of the UA powder and its raw material was measured by an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry PerkinElmer Optima 4300 DV (ICP-OES method) (PerkinElmer, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). In the case of PAGA powder, the chemical composition was taken from the quality check datasheet of the purchased powder.

Grzelak K., Bielecki M., Kluczyński J., Szachogłuchowicz I., Śnieżek L., Torzewski J., Łuszczek J., Słoboda Ł., Wachowski M., Komorek Z., Małek M, & Zygmuntowicz J. (2022). A Comparative Study on Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Differently Atomized 316L Stainless Steel. Materials, 15(14), 4938.

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Elemental Analysis of Photosynthetic Tissues

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Photosynthetic tissues were dried and pulverized in a heater for 48 h at 70 °C and conserved in desiccators until analysis (<15 days). For the analyses of C and N, 0.7 mg of dried, pulverized samples was weighed with a Microbalance MX5 Mettler Toledo, and the concentrations of the elements were determined by combustion coupled to gas chromatography (Smith and Tabatabai, 2004 ) with a CHNS Eurovector 3011 Elemental Analyzer and a Thermo Electron NA 2100 Gas Chromatograph (C.E. instruments-Thermo Electron, Milan, Italy).
For the other elements (P, S, Ca, Mg and Fe), 0.25 g of dried, pulverized sample was diluted in an acidic mixture of HNO₃ (60%) and H₂O₂ (30% w/v) and digested in a microwave system (MARSXpress, CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC). The digested solutions were dissolved in a 1% HNO₃ solution and then brought to final volume of 50 mL with ultrapure water. Blank solutions (5 mL of HNO₃ and 2 mL H₂O₂ but no sample biomass) were regularly analyzed. After digestion, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, S, P and Fe were analyzed by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry) (Priester et al., 2011 ) with a spectroscopy Optima 4300DV (Perkin-Elmer Inc., Wellesley, MA). We used the standard certified biomass NIST 1573a (tomato leaf) to assess the accuracy of the biomass digestion and analytical procedures.

Urbina I., Sardans J., Beierkuhnlein C., Jentsch A., Backhaus S., Grant K., Kreyling J, & Peñuelas J. (2014). Shifts in the elemental composition of plants during a very severe drought. Environmental and experimental botany, 111, 63-73.

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Determination of Se and S in Kale Sprouts

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The chemical determination of the Se content in kale sprouts treated with Se, S, or water (control) was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) (Optima 4300 DV, PerkinElmer Instruments, Norwalk, CT, USA), using internal method INS-SM/US-71 based on EPA method 6010B. Sulfur content in kale was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) (Optima 8300, PerkinElmer Instruments, Norwalk, CT, USA), using the Mexican codex NOM-117-SSA1-1994 according to EPA method 6010B.

Ortega-Hernández E., Camero-Maldonado A.V., Acevedo-Pacheco L., Jacobo-Velázquez D.A, & Antunes-Ricardo M. (2023). Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Kale Sprouts after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Foods, 12(11), 2149.

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Palladium Nanoparticle Characterization

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A 50 mg sample of the solid Pd@CSB was decomposed using 4 mL of 14.4 mol L⁻¹ nitric acid (HNO₃; Qhemis, 65%) and heating to 100 °C (thermostatic bath in Ika apparatus, model C-MAG HS 7 D) and added to 10 mL with ultrapure water. The palladium level was determined (emission line at 340.458 nm) using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (PerkinElmer, model Optima 4300 DV) with an axial view configuration.

Grandini C.P., Schmitt C.R., Duarte F.A., Rosa D.S., Rosa C.H, & Rosa G.R. (2022). New sustainable and robust catalytic supports for palladium nanoparticles generated from chitosan/cellulose film and corn stem biochar. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(3), 6068-6079.

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Quantification of Metal-MT Complexes

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Solutions containing the metal-MT complexes purified from the bacterial production were diluted with HNO₃ 1% (v/v). Their S, Cu, Zn and Cd content was determined by means of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). A Perkin-Elmer Optima 4300DV (Waltham, USA) spectrometer performed the element quantification (S, Cu, Zn and Cd) of the samples at the correct wavelength (S, 182.04 nm; Zn, 213.86 nm; Cd, 228.80 nm; Cu, 324.80 nm) under conventional conditions^{30 (link)}. Protein concentration was calculated based on the S concentration obtained by ICP-AES, assuming that all the sulfur measured comes from peptides’ Cys and methionine (Met) residues.

García-Risco M., Calatayud S., Pedrini-Martha V., Albalat R., Palacios Ò., Capdevila M, & Dallinger R. (2023). A de novo evolved domain improves the cadmium detoxification capacity of limpet metallothioneins. Scientific Reports, 13, 8895.

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Migration of Nano-TiO2 from PLA Composites

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According to EU regulations and FDA standards, 50% (v/v) ethanol solution is selected as a food simulated solution to represent alcoholic foods [25 (link)]. The migration of nano-TiO₂ to food simulated solution at 40 °C after high pressure treatment of PLA/ nano-TiO₂ composite film was studied. Each composite film was cut into squares (4 cm × 4 cm) size with scissors and accurately weighed. The sample was put into a bottle with 30 ml of 50% (v/v) ethanol solution. All of the bottles containing the samples and ethanol solution were sealed and transferred into a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 40°C for 45 days. In this study, 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, and 45 days were selected as the migration time, and the content of TiO₂ in 50% (v/v) ethanol solution was determined by ICP-OES (Optima 4300DV, Perkin Elmer, Shelton, CT, USA) [14 (link)]. Calibration solution was prepared by dilution of stock standard solution. For each sample, the migration experiment was carried out in triplicate and the results are expressed in mg/kg.

Tang Z., Fan F., Fan C., Jiang K, & Qin Y. (2020). The Performance Changes and Migration Behavior of PLA/Nano-TiO2 Composite Film by High-Pressure Treatment in Ethanol Solution. Polymers, 12(2), 471.

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Agronomic Traits and Yield Analysis

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From each subplot, the whole plant was harvested from the middle 1 m of two central rows and data were recorded for different agronomical traits (growth, number of tillers, plant biomass), yield traits (number of spikes, number of grains/spike, grain yield, harvest index), and biochemical attributes (Na⁺, Cl⁻, K⁺). The samples were collected to measure fresh biomass (FW) and dry biomass (DW) after the plant samples were dried at 70 °C for 72 h. Briefly, the dried leaves were ground into a fine powder and then ashed for 6 h at 550 °C. After that, 2 N HCl was added to the cooled ash, and the solution was filtered and tested after 15 min. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Perkin Elmer Optima 4300DV) was used to determine the concentrations of different elements and expressed as mg/100 g dry weight (DW) [31 (link)].

Hussain M.I., Khan Z.I., Farooq T.H., Al Farraj D.A, & Elshikh M.S. (2022). Comparative Plasticity Responses of Stable Isotopes of Carbon (δ13C) and Nitrogen (δ15N), Ion Homeostasis and Yield Attributes in Barley Exposed to Saline Environment. Plants, 11(11), 1516.

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