The used substrate papers, glass fiber film (SB08, CB06, BT53, RB45), polyester fiber film (VL78), and special absorbent paper (SX18) were purchased from Shanghai Jinbiao Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), cadmium oxide, selenium powder, liquid paraffin, oleic acid, oleyl-amine, tetra-methoxy-silane(TMOS), tetra-ethoxy-silane (TEOS), tetra-propoxy-silane (TPOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTES), trimethoxy-silyl-propane-thiol (MPTMS), and vinyl-trimethoxy-silane(VMS) were supplied by Aladdin (Shanghai, China); urea, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), sodium chloride, trichlorfon, acephate, fenthion and dimethoate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Soybean samples were purchased from a local market in Xi’an (Shaanxi, China). All the water used in the experiment was ultrapure. All reagents used were of at least analytical grade.
Acephate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Acephate is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It functions as an insecticide and acaricide. The core function of Acephate is to control and eliminate certain insect and mite species in a laboratory setting.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethoate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Chlorpyrifos, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Quinalphos, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Diazinon, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Malathion, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Fenitrothion, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Thiamethoxam, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Imidacloprid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetamiprid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Urea, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trichlorfon, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fenthion, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Triphenyl phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Emamectin benzoate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Monocrotophos, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phorate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using acephate
1
Analytical Technique for Soil Contaminants
2
Quantitative Analysis of Pesticide Residues
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The certified reference materials of acephate, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, monocrotophos, phenthoate, phorate, profenofos, quinalphos, and triphenyl phosphate (TPP, internal standard) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Chem. Pvt. Ltd., India, based on the information collected on the types of pesticides used by the farmworkers. The analytical-grade formic acid was procured from Fluka Pvt. Ltd., India, and the other organic solvents, acetonitrile and methanol (pestanal-grade), were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany. Salts such as sodium chloride (anhydrous) and sodium sulfate and the analytical-grade reagent ethanol were obtained from Merck, India, and the HPLC column was procured from Agilent Technologies Pvt. Ltd., India. Water was purified with a Millipore Direct Q purification system (Lab Link, Germany).
3
Multianalyte Pesticide Detection in Rice
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Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate (HOC(COONa) (CH2COONa)2·aq), gold (III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.9%), acephate (O,S-Dimethyl N-acetylphosphoramidothioate), carbendazim (Methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), thiamethoxam (3-(2-Chloro-5-thiazolylmethyl)tetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imin), tricyclazole (8-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole), rhodamine 6G (R6G), hydrochloric acid 37% (HCl), acetic acid ≥99% (HAc), acetonitrile ≥99.9% (MeCN), absolute ethanol ≥99.8%, magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium acetate (NaOAc), potassium chloride (KCl), 96-well flat bottom ELISA plates and polyester foam tipped sterile swabs were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (UK). Indian basmati rice samples were produced and supplied by Green Saffron (Cork, Ireland).
4
Analytical Standards for Pesticide Quantification
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The analytical grade standards of acephate, acetamiprid, carbendazim chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, tebuconazole and thiamethoxam were procured from Sigma Aldrich, India and profenofos was provided as CRM (Certified Reference Material) by IARI, New Delhi. The formulations of the above-mentioned pesticides were procured from the local market.
5
Acephate Toxicity in Pregnant Rats
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This study’s experimental protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at the University of Gafsa (Reference Number: FSG-AE-20-23). Overall, 24 virgin female Wistar albino rats obtained from SIPHAT (Tunisia) (age, 60 days; weight, 210–240 g) were individually housed in a temperature (21 °C) and humidity-controlled room, with an artificially reversed light–dark cycle and access to water and food. These rats were weighed and randomly divided into three treatment groups. The rats in group 1 (n = 8) were considered as controls and those in groups 2 and 3 (n = 8 rats per group) were administered acephate (purity 98%; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) by gavage from day 6 of gestation, which corresponded to the date of fetal implantation, until delivery. Furthermore, considering the published lethal oral dosage of 50% (LD50) acephate (866 mg/kg) [10 (link)] and previous findings about its toxic effects on different biological systems, groups 2 and 3 were administered 14 or 28 mg/kg body weight acephate based on oral LD50 values of 1/60 and 1/30, respectively.
6
Neurotoxic Pollutants Screening in Zebrafish
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Thirty neurotoxic pollutants, from 5 chemical groups (herbicide, insecticide, metal elements, non-metal elements, and toxins) were selected (Table 1). The following compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA): acephate, acetamiprid, aldicarb, cadmium(II) sulfate (Cd), carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpyriphos, clothianidin, diazinon, dichlorvos, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, fenitrothion, malathion, manganese(II) chloride (Mn), mercury(II) chloride (Hg), lead(II) nitrate (Pb), permethrin, selenium dioxide (Se), sodium fluoride (fluorine), thiamethoxam and β-cyfluthrin. Atrazine and deltamethrin were purchased from Riedel-de Haën (Germany). Dinotefuran and fenvalerate were purchased from Supelco™ Analytical (USA). Glyphosate was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA), whereas domoic acid, okadaic acid and saxitoxin were purchased from Cifga lab SA (Spain). CAS numbers of each chemical are provided in Table 1. Stock solutions of each compound were prepared on the day of the experiment. Solutions were either prepared directly in fish water or in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), according to compound solubility.
Experimental solutions were prepared in fish water from the stock solutions.
DMSO was added to all conditions, including control, to a final concentration of 0.1%, which has been previously found not to affect larvae behavior (Faria et al., 2019c) .
Experimental solutions were prepared in fish water from the stock solutions.
DMSO was added to all conditions, including control, to a final concentration of 0.1%, which has been previously found not to affect larvae behavior (Faria et al., 2019c) .
7
Pesticide Analytical Standards Procurement
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The standard of chlorpyrifos, acephate, diazinon, dimethoate, quinalphos, malathion and fenitrothion were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) via Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Standards of all pesticides contained >99.6% purity. Methanol, acetone, gradient grade acetonitrile, sodium chloride (NaCl), anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) and Primary Secondary Amine (PSA) were purchased from Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
8
Pesticide Extraction and Quantification
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The standard (>99.6% pure) of acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, malathion and quinalphos were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) via Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. Ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Analytical grade methanol, acetone, HPLC grade acetonitrile, sodium chloride (NaCl), anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) and Primary Secondary Amine (PSA) were purchased from Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. Ltd.
9
Pesticide Extraction and Identification
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The standard (>99.6% pure) of acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, fenitrothion, malathion, and quinalphos were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA) via Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. Ltd. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Analytical grade methanol, acetone, HPLC grade acetonitrile, sodium chloride (NaCl), anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ), and Primary Secary Amine (PSA) were purchased from Bangladesh Scientific Pvt. Ltd.
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