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48 protocols using pv 6000

1

Histological Analysis of Callus Consolidation

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Following the 4-week consolidation period, DO callus samples (n = 3/group) were collected, fixed at room temperature with 4% PFA, decalcified for 8 weeks in 10% EDTA (Solarbio, China), dehydrated using an ethanol gradient, paraffin-embedded, and cut with a rotary microtome (RM2255, Leica) into 4-μm longitudinal sections. Sections were treated with xylene for deparaffinization, rehydrated with an ethanol gradient, and subjected to Masson’s trichrome or H&E staining for histological analyses. IHC staining was conducted by treating samples for 20 min with sodium citrate buffer (0.01 mol/L, pH 6.0) at 95°C to facilitate antigen retrieval, followed by a 10 min treatment with endogenous peroxidase blocker (#PV-6000, ZSGB-Bio, China). Sections were then probed for 1 h with anti-OCN (1:100, #orb348959, biorbyt, British) at 37°C, followed by secondary antibody (#PV-6000, ZSGB-Bio) incubation for 20 min at room temperature. A DAB kit (#ZLI-9018, ZSGB-Bio) was then used for protein detection, followed by hematoxylin counterstaining.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of COX-2, GAPDH, and TLR4

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Sections were dewaxed, dehydrated, rehydrated before immunostaining, and sealed with goat serum. Then, antibodies against COX-2 (#12282, CST), GAPDH (sc-25778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), or TLR4 (sc-10741, Santa Cruz Bio) were added. Slices were dewaxed in xylene and dehydrated in ethanol. After endogenous peroxidase neutralization and the microwave extraction of antigens, slices were blocked in goat serum, then incubated overnight in primary antibodies against COX-2 (#12282, Cell Signaling Technology), GAPDH (sc-25778, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) or TLR4 (sc-10741, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Sections were washed in PBS and incubated with a universal secondary antibody (PV-6000, Zsbio, Beijing, China) for 30 min, after which 3-3 diaminobenzidine (DAB) and hematoxylin were applied. After washing in PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20, sections were incubated with a general purpose second antibody (PV-6000, Zsbio, Beijing, China) for 30 min. Reaction products were observed using 3-3 diaminobenzidine (DAB) and stained with hematoxylin. Dyed area calculations were performed in Image-pro Plus 6.0 software and the integrated optical density (IOD) analysis of three regression fields was performed. Protein expression was expressed as average density, which was total IOD/area.
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3

Histological Analysis of Intestinal Defensive Mechanisms

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Liver sections (5 micron) (fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and paraffin-embedded) were stained with Hematoxylin/Eosin solution. The intestinal mucus layer was measured with a Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) red stain kit (ab150680, Abcam), following the manufacture's protocol. For defensins estimation, paraffin-embedded ileum sections (5 micron) were stained with anti-mouse α-defensin1 (provided by Dr. Yoshihiro Eriguchi at University of Southern California). Briefly, deparaffinized sections were rehydrated; the antigen was retrieved with boiled Tris-EDTA buffer for 18 min and blocked with 3% BSA for 1 h at room temperature. Then samples were incubated with antibodies to α-defensin1 overnight at 4°C. After incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (ZSGB Bio PV-6000) for 1 h at room temperature, the sections were developed with DAB (ZSGB Bio ZLI-9017), and mounted with Neutral Balsam for analysis under Nikon eclipse Ti-U microscope. Immunofluorescent staining was applied to assess Paneth cells with goat anti-MMP7 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, sc-8832), followed by secondary fluorescent antibodies (A24431, donkey anti-goat), and DAPI. Slides were mounted with FluoromoutIM Aqueous Mounting Medium (F4680-25 ML, Sigma). Digital imaging fluorescence microscopy of the ileum was performed using a Leica TCS SP5 II system.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of MARCH1 and Ki-67

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Tumor tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, processed through a series of dehydration steps, and embedded into paraffin blocks. Paraffin-embedded tissues were cut into 4 μm slices and adhered on adhesive slides. Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin. For immunohistochemistry, sections were de-waxed, antigen-repaired, and blocked for nonspecific reactions. Then, the sections were incubated with anti-MARCH1 (1:200, #YT2642, Immunoway, Newark, United States) or anti–Ki-67 (1:200) antibody for overnight at 4 °C and then incubated with secondary antibody (#PV-6000, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) for 30 min at 37°C. Diaminobenzidine (#ZLI-9018, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) was used for color development. The sections were imaged with a light microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Quantification of section staining was performed by Image-Pro Plus 6.0.
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5

Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence Analysis of GC Tissues

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For GC tissue, paracancer tissue, and greater omentum metastasis tissue, paraffin sections were firstly dewaxed, antigen repair, peroxidase block, and sheep serum block. Then choose the primary antibody, ADORA2B (1:100, ER1903-44, HUABIO, China), β-catenin (1:200, ab32572, Abcam, USA), N-cadherin (1:200, ab18203, Abcam, USA), vimentin (1:100, 10366-1-AP, Proteintech, China) and E-cadherin (1:200, ab40772, Abcam, USA) incubated overnight in a 4°C humidor. For immunohistochemical detection, secondary antibody (PV6000, ZSGB-BIO, China) was added and incubated at 37°C for 20min. Then DAB was performed. For immunofluorescence, sections were cleaned and goat antirabbit antibody combined with secondary antibody Alexa 488 was incubated for 1h. The nuclei were restained with DAPI.
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of KIF23 Expression

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The expression of KIF23 was detected in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by a rabbit-anti-KIF23 antibody (ab235955, 1:200 dilution; Abcam, USA), following the procedure specified in the immunohistochemistry kit (ZSGB-BIO, pv6000, China). Briefly, we fixed tumor tissues and matched normal adjacent tissues in 10% neutral-buffered formalin and embedded them in paraffin blocks by the pathology department of our hospital. Then, the paraffin sections (4 µm) were placed into a microwave oven for 15 minutes to repair the antigens and were then cooled at room temperature. Endogenous peroxidase was blocked, and sections were incubated with an anti-KIF23 antibody overnight at 4 °C, followed by a goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody at 37 °C for 1 hour. Sections were stained with 3,3-diaminobenzidin (DAB) at room temperature for 10 minutes and images were then recorded by microscopy (Olympus BX43). All samples were evaluated by two independent pathologists.
To analyze the results, KIF23 nuclear staining was scored using the 4-point scale (0, no staining; 1+, light staining at high magnification; 2+, intermediate staining; and 3+, dark staining of the linear membrane at low magnification). According to the distribution of scores of KIF23 staining intensity, samples were divided into high expression (2+ to 3+) and low expression (0 to 1+) groups.
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7

Immunohistochemistry Protocol for TH and 4-HNE

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Immunohistochemistry was performed as in our previous study64 (link). Briefly, sections were cut into 10-μm slices and antigen retrieval was performed using citrate buffer. Sections were treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) in PBS for 10 min and were then incubated in 5% BSA for 60 min. Sections were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies as follows: TH (F-11) antibody (1:50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc.), and 4-HNE antibody (1:50; R&D Systems.). After washing three times with PBS for 5 min each wash, sections were incubated sequentially in HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (ZSGB-BIO, PV6000, Beijing, China) for 1 h at room temperature. Sections were visualized with a 3,3-diaminobenzidine peroxidase substrate kit (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). Integrated optical density was determined using an Image-Pro Plus 6.0 photogram analysis system (IPP 6.0; Media Cybernetics, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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8

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Oxidative Markers

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Tissues were embedded in paraffin following ethyl alcohol dehydration and then sectioned to 4 μm thickness. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed with a universal detection kit (PV-6000, ZSGB-Bio, Beijing, China) and DAB Detection System (ZLI-9017, ZSGB-Bio, Beijing, China). The sections were air-dried overnight at 37°C, followed by deparaffinization, hydration, antigen retrieval and endogenous peroxidase removal. Then, sections were incubated with primary antibodies against NOS2 (1:400, ABclonal, Wuhan, China), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) (1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), HO-1 (1:400, ABclonal, Wuhan, China) and SOD2 (1:400, ABclonal, Wuhan, China)at 4°C overnight, and incubated with enzyme-labeled sheep anti-mouse/rabbit IgG polymer at 37°C for 20 min. Next, slides were stained with freshly prepared DAB, counterstained with hematoxylin and finally imaged under a 400-fold microscope.
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Biomarkers

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We performed VEGF, PDGFR, EGFR and c-KIT test in metastatic tumor tissue using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining technique. The features of the immunoreaction were recorded on a semi-quantitative scale: the relative number of positive cells (0%, < 10%, 10–50% and > 50%) and the intensity of the reaction. The results were reported as positive if they were > 10% and negative if they were < 10% as per the SFDA guidelines. IHC staining for all the biomarkers was performed using a 1:250 dilution of the rabbit polyclonal antibody PV-6000 (ZSGB-BIO, CHN) with the EnVision detection system. The antigen retrieval method was not utilized. Appropriate positive and negative controls were used throughout the testing process.
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10

Immunohistochemical Staining of IL-21 in Lung

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The left lung tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 48 h. Tissue samples, from paraffin-wax-embedded blocks, were sectioned to be 4–5 µm thick. Following the process of dewaxing, hydration, closed endogenous peroxidase and antigen repair, polyclonal IL-21 antibody (rabbit anti-mouse, 1:300) and universal secondary antibody (PV6000, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) were applied (1–2 h at room temperature). Slides were observed using a light microscope at a magnification of ×200 and ×400. Sections were considered positive according to the color observation, which is an indication of the antibody-antigen reaction, and manifested as an intracytoplasm brown coloration in different areas of the stained tissue section.
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