Chemical sympathetic denervation was performed by the administration of 6-OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States) 20 mg/kg i.p. diluted in a vehicle (VEH) of 0.9% saline and 0.1% ascorbic acid. The i.p. injections were performed for six alternative days (days 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16). This dosing schedule was used to minimize 6-OHDA side effects. We had previously performed a pilot study with 50 mg/kg, but animals showed some adverse effects such as diarrhea and fatigue. Furthermore, a control group was included and it received similar injections of vehicle (saline and ascorbic acid). For the combined ADMX and 6-OHDA treatment, animals were subjected to isoflurane anesthesia and the removal of the adrenal medulla was performed as described above. Five days after ADMX surgery, animals were treated with 6-OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States) 20 mg/kg i.p., on days 10, 12, 14, and 16.
6 ohda hydrobromide
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe, France
6-OHDA hydrobromide is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It is a neurotoxin that selectively targets and destroys dopaminergic neurons. The product is commonly utilized in studies related to Parkinson's disease and neurological research.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Desipramine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
L dopa, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benserazide hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hamilton syringe, by Harvard Apparatus (2 mentions)
Nano mite pump, by Harvard Apparatus (2 mentions)
Pargyline hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pargyline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Urethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Buspirone hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 ohda, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Stereotaxic frame, by Kopf Instruments (1 mentions)
Rompun, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Propranolol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Prazosin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 ohda, by Kopf Instruments (1 mentions)
Sybr green rox master mix, by Qiagen (1 mentions)
Sodium hydrogen sulfide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Protein carbonyl, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Gfap monoclonal antibody, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Hat activity assay kit, by Active Motif (1 mentions)
23 protocols using 6 ohda hydrobromide
1
Chemical Sympathetic Denervation Protocol
2
Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesioning in Rats
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In this experimental study, adult male Wistar
rats that weighed 220-280 g were purchased from
Pasteur Institute of Iran. They were kept in standard
cages in a temperature- and climate-controlled room
under a 12/12 hour light/dark cycle and had ad
libitum access to water and food. The Research and
Ethics Committee of Damghan University approved
this experimental protocol. Animals were deeply
anesthetized by an intramuscular injection of a
mixture of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, and
then placed in a stereotaxic frame. A total of 20 µg
of 6-OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma-Aldrich, USA)
in 4 µl of sterile saline that contained 0.2% ascorbic
acid was injected into the right striatum by a 26-gauge
Hamilton syringe (Hamilton, France) at a flow rate of
1 µl/minute. Stereotaxic coordinates from the bregma
were: anteroposterior (AP)=-1.2 mm, mediolateral
(ML)=-3.9 mm, and dorsoventral (DV)=-5 mm (17 (link)).
The syringe was left in place for 5 minutes after the
injection and then removed slowly to optimize toxin
diffusion.
rats that weighed 220-280 g were purchased from
Pasteur Institute of Iran. They were kept in standard
cages in a temperature- and climate-controlled room
under a 12/12 hour light/dark cycle and had ad
libitum access to water and food. The Research and
Ethics Committee of Damghan University approved
this experimental protocol. Animals were deeply
anesthetized by an intramuscular injection of a
mixture of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, and
then placed in a stereotaxic frame. A total of 20 µg
of 6-OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma-Aldrich, USA)
in 4 µl of sterile saline that contained 0.2% ascorbic
acid was injected into the right striatum by a 26-gauge
Hamilton syringe (Hamilton, France) at a flow rate of
1 µl/minute. Stereotaxic coordinates from the bregma
were: anteroposterior (AP)=-1.2 mm, mediolateral
(ML)=-3.9 mm, and dorsoventral (DV)=-5 mm (17 (link)).
The syringe was left in place for 5 minutes after the
injection and then removed slowly to optimize toxin
diffusion.
3
Neonatal 6-OHDA Lesion Model
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Intracerebroventricular injection of 6-OHDA was performed at P5 following published protocol12 (link). Pups received 6-OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma-Aldrich, France) or vehicle in one of the lateral ventricles after desipramine hydrochloride pretreatment (Sigma-Aldrich, France), under hypothermal anesthesia. The site of injection was set at 0.6 mm lateral to the medial sagittal suture, 2 mm rostral to the lambda and 1.3 mm in depth from the skull surface. 60 mice (P5) were divided on Sham and 6-OHDA groups (n = 30/each group). Each experimental animals (sham and 6-OHDA) were divided into three sub-groups (n = 10; vehicle (saline), Mph 3.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg). After injection, 20% of the lesioned mice died before weaning, whereas 60–80% developed hyperactivity together with dopamine (DA) depletion (Fig. 1A 1 –2 ) . Mice that did not meet these 2 criteria were excluded from the data analysis.
4
Parkinson's Disease Drug Evaluation
5
Pharmacological Interventions in Neuroscience
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Desipramine hydrochloride, pargyline, l ‐DOPA, benserazide hydrochloride and buspirone hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich, while WAY‐100635 maleate and 8‐OH‐DPAT were obtained from Tocris‐Biogen. These drugs were prepared in 0.9% saline. Urethane and 6‐OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma‐Aldrich) were dissolved in Milli‐Q water and Milli‐Q water containing 0.02% ascorbic acid, respectively. All drug solutions were prepared on the day of the experiment.
6
6-OHDA Induced Striatal Lesions in Rats
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Female Wistar rats (Elevages Janvier, France), weighing 180–220 g, were anesthetized (Ketalar, 75 mg/kg, Xylapan, 5mg/kg, i.p.) and placed in a stereotaxic frame (Kopf Instruments, USA). 6-OHDA (Sigma, Switzerland) lesions were performed as described previously [22 (link)]. In brief, animals received an injection of 4 μl 32 mM 6-OHDA hydrobromide (Sigma) diluted in saline supplemented with 0.02% ascorbic acid as an antioxidant into the right striatum through a small burr hole created in the skull. The rats were randomly assigned to the following two experimental groups (n = 4 per group): group of animals sacrificed 1 week after lesion and group of animals sacrificed 4 weeks after lesion. The injection was performed over 6 min. using a 10 μl Hamilton micro syringe. The following coordinates in relation to Bregma were used: posterior 1.0 mm, lateral 3.0 mm and 5.0 mm ventral to the dura, the incisor bar was set at 0.0 mm for the striatal lesion. Animals received a subcutaneous injection of Carprofen (5 mg/kg) as postoperative analgesic. After one and 4 weeks rats were perfused as described above.
7
Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesion of the MFB
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Sixteen animals were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 2% xylazine hydrochloride (8 mg/kg; Rompun®; Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany) and 10% ketamine (28 mg/kg; Bioketan, Vetoquinol; Biowert, Gorzow, Poland) and were positioned in a stereotaxic frame (TrentWells, South Gate, CA, United States) with the incisor bar at the level of the ear. 6-OHDA hydrobromide (8 μg of free base dissolved in 0.9% saline containing 0.02% ascorbic acid; Sigma-Aldrich, MO, United States) was infused at a rate of 1 μl/min over 4 min into the right MFB at the following coordinates: anterior 4.4 mm from lambda, lateral 1.0 mm from the midline and ventral 7.8 mm from the surface of dura [stereotaxic coordinates (Torres and Dunnett, 2011 (link))]. The cannula was left at the injection site for an additional 3 min post-injection before being slowly retracted.
8
Prazosin, Propranolol, and 6-OHDA Protocol
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Treatment was started on the day after LCMV infection. Prazosin [1 mg/kg body weight (bw), dissolved in ddH2O; Sigma-Aldrich) and propranolol (2 mg/kg bw, dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline; Sigma-Aldrich) were administered intraperitoneally daily for 10 days. 6-OHDA hydrobromide (100 mg/kg bw, dissolved in 0.1% ascorbic acid solution; Sigma-Aldrich) was administered intraperitoneally every third day for 10 days (a total of four injections).
9
Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesion Model of Parkinson's
10
Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesion Model of Parkinson's
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