Potassium formate (KOFm, ≥98%) was purchased from BeanTown Chemical (Hudson, NH, USA). Potassium acetate (KOAc, ≥99.0%), potassium chromate (K2CrO4, 5% (w/v)) and silver nitrate (AgNO3, 1 M) were purchased from British Drug Houses (Poole, UK). Sodium formate (NaOFm, ≥99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Sodium acetate (NaOAc, ≥99%) was purchased from ACS Chemical Inc. (Point Pleasant, NJ, USA). Ethanol (EtOH, ≥99%), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, n = 13) and (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride solution (APTA, 75 wt.% in water) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MS, USA). Moreover, 1-Hydroxyl-cyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK, photoinitiator) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Selemion® AMVN (AMVN) was purchased from AGC Engineering Co. (Tokyo, Japan); see Figure 2 C for the schematic. All water used in this investigation was Type-1 deionized water produced by a Waterpro BT Purification System from Labconco® (18.2 mΩ·cm at 25 °C, 1.2 ppb TOC) (Kansas City, MO, USA).
Sodium formate
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
Sodium formate is a chemical compound with the formula HCOONa. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used in various scientific and industrial applications. Sodium formate serves as a buffer, stabilizer, and preservative in laboratory settings.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Poly ethylene glycol diacrylate pegda, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Waterpro bt purification system, by Labconco (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Malononitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Benzaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 methylimidazole 2 meim, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran thf, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Palladium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium tartrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 5 dimethyl pyrroline n oxide dmpo, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Palladium 2 nitrate hydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using sodium formate
1
Synthesis of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
2
Synthesis and Characterization of Triazole-based Compounds
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Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Sigma Aldrich),
1,2,3-triazole (Triazole) (Sigma Aldrich), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm)
(Sigma Aldrich), sodium formate (Alfa Aesar), methanol (VWR), malononitrile
(Sigma Aldrich), benzaldehyde (Sigma Aldrich), tetrahydrofuran (THF)
(VWR), deuterated 2-methylimidazole (CDN Isotopes), benzylidenemalononitrile
(MilliporeSigma), and ethylacetate (VWR) were used as received. Deionized
water from an EMD Millipore water purification system, 1000 ppm SO2 with balance N2, ultra-high purity hydrogen, helium,
and air (76.5–80.5% N2, 19.5–23.5% O2) from Airgas were used.
1,2,3-triazole (Triazole) (Sigma Aldrich), 2-methylimidazole (2-MeIm)
(Sigma Aldrich), sodium formate (Alfa Aesar), methanol (VWR), malononitrile
(Sigma Aldrich), benzaldehyde (Sigma Aldrich), tetrahydrofuran (THF)
(VWR), deuterated 2-methylimidazole (CDN Isotopes), benzylidenemalononitrile
(MilliporeSigma), and ethylacetate (VWR) were used as received. Deionized
water from an EMD Millipore water purification system, 1000 ppm SO2 with balance N2, ultra-high purity hydrogen, helium,
and air (76.5–80.5% N2, 19.5–23.5% O2) from Airgas were used.
3
Palladium-Based Catalysts Synthesis
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Palladium(ii ) chloride (PdCl2, 99.9%), Palladium(ii ) nitrate hydrate (Pd(NO3)2·2H2O, ≥99.0%), tetraamine Palladium(ii ) chloride (Pd(NH3)4Cl2·H2O, 98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl solution, 38%), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99.9%), sodium tartrate (Na2C4H4O6, ≥99.0%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99.8%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 98.0%), and 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Potassium tetrachloropalladate(ii ) (K2PdCl4, 99.99%) and sodium formate (HCOONa, 99.0%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Commercial TiO2 (P25) was purchased from Evonik Degussa.
4
Culturing and Enumerating Candida albicans
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Candida albicans SC5314 was provided by Dr. Andrew Koh at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [6 (link)]. This study used Yeast Peptone Dextrose (YPD) (242810, BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) agar (BP1423, Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), as well as Bacteroides Bile Esculin Agar (BBE) (AS114, Anaerobe Systems, Morgan Hill, CA, USA) for various assays. Additionally, the antibiotics kanamycin (J61272, Alfa Aesar, Tewsbury, MA, USA), ampicillin (69-52-3, IBI Scientific, Dubuque, IA, USA), and streptomycin (S6501, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used in media for fungal enumeration, and cefoperazone (J65185, Alfa Aesar, Tewsbury, MA, USA) was used in antibiotic pre-treatment. Taurocholic acid (TCA) (16215, Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI) and cyclophosphamide (PHR1404, Millipore Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased for these studies. Additional kits and reagents used included: hydrogen sulfide gas assay (ZAN-5084, Cell Biolabs, San Diego, CA), fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) (FD4, Millipore Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), and sodium formate (A17813, Alfa Aesar).
5
Quantification of Anhydrosugars by UPLC-MS
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All experiments in this study were performed using the Agilent 1290 UPLC coupled with Agilent 6470 triple quadrupole mass spectrometry system (USA) which was equipped with a Jet stream electrospray ionization (AJS-ESI) source, all data were collected and analyzed using mass-hunter software developed by Agilent company.
HPLC grade methanol, formic acid (10%), and sodium formate used in the experiment were obtained from Fisher Scientific (USA). Ultrapure water was obtained from Milli-Q IQ7000D ultrapure water system (USA). Standard levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d -glucopyranose, 99%, CAS-498-07-7) was obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Mannosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d -mannopyranose, 98%, CAS-9036-88-8) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Galactosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d -galactopyranose, 97%, CAS-39300-87-3) was obtained from TRC (Toronto, Canada).
Levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan standard stock solutions were prepared with ultrapure water at a concentration of 1000 μg mL−1 and stored in the dark at a temperature of 4 °C, and diluted stepwise using ultrapure water before use.
HPLC grade methanol, formic acid (10%), and sodium formate used in the experiment were obtained from Fisher Scientific (USA). Ultrapure water was obtained from Milli-Q IQ7000D ultrapure water system (USA). Standard levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-
Levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan standard stock solutions were prepared with ultrapure water at a concentration of 1000 μg mL−1 and stored in the dark at a temperature of 4 °C, and diluted stepwise using ultrapure water before use.
6
Betanidin 5-Glucoside Quantification
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Acetonitrile, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, formic acid, and ammonium acetate were acquired from Loba Chemie, India. Betanidin 5-β-D-glucopyranoside standard with percent purity ≥ 95% was used (Wuhan ChemFaces Biochemical Co., Ltd, China). Sodium formate and 2, 2-difluoroethoxy phosphazene were used (Fisher Scientific, USA). Distilled and deionized water, as well as cleaned-up samples (before HPLC analysis), were filtered through a 25 mm and 0.45 mm nylon syringe filter (Millipore, USA). The analytical grade of each chemical or reagent purchased allowed for usage without further purification.
7
SHIN1-Mediated Metabolic Modulation
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The small molecules methotrexate (Selleckchem, S1210), hypoxanthine (Sigma, H9636), thymidine (Sigma, T1895), and sodium formate (Fisher Scientific, S648-500) were used. The dual SHMT1/2 inhibitor SHIN1 (Tocris, 6998) was used at the concentration of 10 µM. In total, 1 mM of sodium formate was used to demonstrate on-target effects of SHIN1. Glutamylcysteine synthetase inhibitor l -buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO; Sigma, 83730-53-4) was used at the concentration of 10 µM. Mitochondrial complex I inhibitor Piericidin A (Cayman, 15379) was used at the concentration of 0.1 µM. Brequinar (Cayman, 24445) was used at the concentration of 1 µm and 10 µM. Glucose-free media containing galactose was prepared by supplementing 25 mM galactose (Sigma, G5388) into glucose-free DMEM (#11966025, ThermoFisher) with 10% dialyzed FBS (#26400044, ThermoFisher). Cells were always treated with small molecules or special media 2 h prior to infection. Samples were harvested at 48 hpi.
8
Synthesis of Zinc Imidazolate Frameworks
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Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (99%), (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) 2-Methylimidazole (2-MeIm, 97%), methanol (99.8%), and sodium formate (NaHCO2, 99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Kandel, Germany) and used without further purification.
9
Reagents and Chemicals for Protocol
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Drugs and chemical reagents SCPE was purchased from Beijing Tongrentang Co,Ltd. (Beijing, China). 0.9% saline was purchased from the first affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of traditional Chinese Medicine (China). Formic acid (mass spectrum grade) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Company (USA). Ultra-pure water was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA). Sodium formate was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA). Pentobarbital was purchased from Sigma (USA) and methanol (mass spectrum grade) was purchased from Merck (USA). Ammonium acetate was purchased from Sigma Company (USA). Acetonitrile was purchased from Merck (USA).
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