4 acetamidophenol

Pooled human liver microsomes (n = 20) were obtained from Corning Gentest Corporation (Woburn, MA, USA) and stored at −150 °C until use. All the experimental procedures involving humans have been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) guidelines. Phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, midazolam, 3-acetamidophenol (internal standard), chlorpropamide (internal standard), glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chlorzoxazone was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Massachusetts, USA). 4-acetamidophenol, hydroxybupropion, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, dextrorphan, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone and 1-hydroxymidazolam were obtained from Toronto Research Chemical (North York, Canada). Mebendazole (internal standard) was obtained from Aladdin Industrial Co. (California, USA). Plumbagin (purity > 98%) was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). Acetonitrile and methanol (all HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Chemicals (Leicester, UK). Formic acid (HPLC grade) was purchased from TEDIA (Ohio, USA). Distilled water was purified in a Millipore system Milli Q (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).

Phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, midazolam, chlorzoxazone, and the diazepam (all purity> 98%) that used as internal standards (ISs) were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Vonoprazan was purchased from Beijing Sunflower Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Hydroxybupropion and hydroxymidazolam were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA). Dextrorphan, hydroxytolbutamide, hydroxychlorzoxazone, and 4-acetamidophenol were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was acquired from Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Basel, Switzerland). Ultra-pure water was produced by Milli-Q, a reagent-standard water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol that of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade were obtained from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany).