Weight and height were measured by X-SCAN PLUS II (Jawon Medical Co., Gyeongsan, Korea), and BMI was calculated as weight divided by height squared (kg/m2). Waist circumferences were measured at the midpoint between the lower borders of the rib cage and upper pole of iliac crest.
Abdominal fat was detected using 64-multidetector CT (Brilliance 64; Philips, Best, the Netherlands).4 (link) In summary, contiguous 5-mm slices were acquired, and fat volume was calculated using 20 slices covering 100 mm located 50 mm above to 50 mm below the umbilicus. Abdominal fat compartments were manually traced in each image, segmentation of the 20 slices was automatically reconstructed, and volume (cm3) was estimated using software (Extended Brilliance Workspace version 3.5; Philips) that electronically determined area by setting attenuation values for a region of interest within a range of 25 to −175 Hounsfield units. Visceral fat was defined as intra-abdominal fat bound by parietal peritoneum or transversalis fascia, excluding the vertebral column and paraspinal muscles. The subcutaneous fat volume was acquired by subtracting visceral fat volume from total adipose tissue volume.
Abdominal fat was detected using 64-multidetector CT (Brilliance 64; Philips, Best, the Netherlands).4 (link) In summary, contiguous 5-mm slices were acquired, and fat volume was calculated using 20 slices covering 100 mm located 50 mm above to 50 mm below the umbilicus. Abdominal fat compartments were manually traced in each image, segmentation of the 20 slices was automatically reconstructed, and volume (cm3) was estimated using software (Extended Brilliance Workspace version 3.5; Philips) that electronically determined area by setting attenuation values for a region of interest within a range of 25 to −175 Hounsfield units. Visceral fat was defined as intra-abdominal fat bound by parietal peritoneum or transversalis fascia, excluding the vertebral column and paraspinal muscles. The subcutaneous fat volume was acquired by subtracting visceral fat volume from total adipose tissue volume.