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Ma15 evo 18

Manufactured by Zeiss

The MA15/EVO 18 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) designed and manufactured by Zeiss. It is a versatile instrument capable of high-resolution imaging and analysis of a wide range of samples. The core function of the MA15/EVO 18 is to provide users with detailed, high-quality images and data about the microstructure and composition of their samples.

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3 protocols using ma15 evo 18

1

Scaffold Characterization via SEM and Porosity

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The shape and morphology of prepared scaffolds and the cell–material interaction were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Carl Zeiss MA15/EVO 18) at an accelerated voltage of 15 keV. The scaffold was coated with gold using a sputter coater (Quorum). The pore size measurements were carried out for the obtained SEM micrographs using Image J software (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Porosity measurement of the scaffolds was carried out using solvent replacement method. The dried scaffolds were immersed in ethanol overnight and then excess ethanol on the surface was dried before weighing. The porosity of the scaffolds was calculated using the formula
Porosity=(M2 M1)/ρV×100
where, M1 and M2 are the mass of the scaffold before and after immersion in ethanol, respectively, ρ is the density of absolute ethanol and V is the volume of the scaffold [24 (link), 25 ].
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2

Comprehensive Characterization of Hydrogel Composites

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Thermogravimetric analysis of hydrogel composites was conducted on a Netzsch TG instrument under nitrogen atmosphere and the heating rate of 10 °C min−1 in the temp range from room temp to 700 °C. XPS was performed using an ESCALAB250Xi photoelectron spectrometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) with X-ray radiation. The crystalline structure of hydrogel was examined by X-ray diffractometer (PAN analytical X’pert PRO) at 30 kV, and 40 mA was used as X-ray source. Raman spectra (LabRAM HR800, Horiba Jobin Yvon) were recorded to investigate the crystalline structure. SEM analysis was performed Carl Zeiss MA15/EVO 18). FTIR spectra of hydrogel materials were recorded by Alfa Bruker FTIR Spectrophotometer.
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3

Scaffold Surface Morphology Analysis

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The surface morphology of PG11, PG12 and PG14 scaffolds were studied using SEM (Carl Zeiss MA15/EVO 18) at an accelerated voltage of 15 keV. The scaffold was coated with gold using a sputter coater (Quorum). The SEM micrographs of the scaffolds with cells were captured at 5th day after seeding 5 × 104 cells onto the surface of the scaffold. These cells were washed with DPBS and the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The paraformaldehyde was washed off with deionized water after 4 hours. This cell laden scaffold was lyophilized as mentioned before (2.2), after pre-freezing. Since porosity is an important feature of the scaffolds which supports the attachment and proliferation of cells, a comparative study was carried out for the obtained SEM micrographs using Image J software (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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