Ccd camera

Raman measurements were collected using an in Via-Raman microscope (Renishaw, UK), equipped with a 1200 l/mm grating. A 785 nm laser was used for excitation, providing 1 mW laser power at the sample. The laser was brought to a line focus of approximately 0.8 × 15 μm using an x50 Leica N Plan objective (NA 0.75). Raman scattering was detected with a Renishaw CCD camera with 40 s exposure time and 16 accumulations generated by WiRE2 spectral acquisition software. All measurements were carried out under ambient conditions and instrumentation was calibrated to the 520.5 cm⁻¹ line of Si prior to the actual experiments. A total of 10 cells per sample were measured.

Raman spectra were recorded using a Renishaw inVia Raman microscope (100×, magnification) equipped with Argon laser (λ_ex − 514 nm, power maximum at sample surface ~9 mW) and a CCD camera under environmental conditions (Renishaw plc, Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, UK). Detection range was 100–3200 cm⁻¹. Maps of relative intensity values of specific graphene bands were plotted based on a set of Raman spectra recorded in an automatic regime with a step of 5 microns.

The Raman spectrum of (HpipeH₂)I(I₃) was recorded on a Renishaw In Via spectrometer (Renishaw, Wotton-under-Edge, Great Britain) with laser wavelength of λ = 514 nm (Ar, 50 mW). Sample investigation was performed in the backscattering geometry using a confocal microscope Leica DMLM (100’ lens) at room temperature in air. Focus distance was 250 mm, and the size of the laser beam was 20 μm. The CCD-camera (1024 × 368 pixels, Renishaw, Wotton-under-Edge, Great Britain) was used as a detector. The scale calibration was done using monocrystalline silica (521.5 cm⁻¹) as a standard sample. WiRE 3.4 software (Renishaw, Wotton-under-Edge, Great Britain) was used for data processing.