All chemicals were analytical grade. MG (40% aqueous solution), glyoxalase I (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grade IV, buffered aqueous glycerol solution) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA. O-phenylenediamine also called 1,2-diaminobenzene (o-PD) was purchased from AcrosOrganics-Fisher Scientific and 5-methylquinoxaline (5-MQX) from Interchim. Acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) for High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gradient grade were purchased from Carlo Erba and formic acid (99-100%, Normapur) from Grosseron. Water used in these experiments was purified using a Milli-Q Water Purification System (EMD Millipore Corp.). The reversed phase chromatography column (symmetry C18: 3.9x150 mm; 5 µm) and the Symmetry Sentry™ guard column (3.9x20 mm, 5 µm) were purchased from Waters (Milford).
Acetonitrile
Manufactured by Erba Group
Sourced in Italy
Acetonitrile is a commonly used organic solvent in analytical chemistry applications. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a faint, sweet odor. Acetonitrile is widely employed as a mobile phase component in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and as a solvent in various extraction and synthesis procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Milli q water purification system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Reduced glutathione, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acryloyl chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Resazurin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrocortisone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Resazurin sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dc protein assay, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
Dmem f12, by Biowest (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Biowest (1 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Biowest (1 mentions)
Phloridzin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hyperin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Procyanidin b2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphatidylcholine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercitrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyanidin 3 o galactoside chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using acetonitrile
1
Quantification of Methylglyoxal and Glyoxalase I
2
Synthesis and Evaluation of Pluronic-based Nanocarriers
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Commercial Pluronic® F68 (Mw 8400 Da), N,N′-dicarbonyldiimidazole (CDI), ethanol, sodium carbonate, resazurin, hydrocortisone and McCoy’s 5A cell medium were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile was purchased from Carlo Erba (Val de Reuil, France). Commercial branched PEI 99% (Mw 1800 Da) and acryloyl chloride were acquired from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Regenerated cellulose dialysis tubing (MWCO 3500 Da) was acquired from Orange Scientific (Braine l’Alleud, Belgium). Cellulose acetate syringe filters were purchased from Filter-Lab® (Barcelona, Spain). A DNA plasmid kit was obtained from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany), and U2OS and SCC-9 cell lines were purchased from ATCC. DMEM:F12, fetal bovine serum (FBS) (10%), penicillin and streptomycin were obtained from Biowest (Nuaille, France). A DC protein assay was acquired from Biorad (Hercules, CA, USA). resazurin sodium salt was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
3
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Complex Samples
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All chemicals and reagents used were either analytical-reagent or HPLC grade. The water was treated in a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) before use. The standards used for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids were: chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, phloretin, phloridzin (phloretin-2-O-glucoside), procyanidin B2, quercetin, quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside), rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside), hyperin (quercetin-3-O-galactoside), and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside chloride (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile and methyl alcohol were of HPLC grade (Carlo Erba, Milano, Italy). Sodium taurocholate, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, NaCl, and sodium phosphate were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of NS
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β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and diphenylcarbonate, used to synthesize NS, were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). MilliQ grade water, acetonitrile and methanol (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) were used for LC-PDA-MS analysis. SPE cartridges (C18, 10 g/50 mL, Phenomenex, Bologna, Italy), PTFE membrane Luer-lock filter (0.45 μm, 15 mm, Phenomenex, Bologna, Italy), TLC RP−18 glass and silica gel aluminium folium plates (F254, 5 × 10 cm, Merk, Rome, Italy) were used. 1H NMR spectra were recorded either in CDCl3-d1 (EC) or in D2O solution (NS and EC-NS), on a Bruker 400 spectrometer operating at 400 MHz (Bruker, Wien, Austria). ATR-FTIR spectra were obtained with an Agilent Cary 620 FT-IR Microscope Spectrometer (Santa Clara, CA, USA). The LC system consisted of a Thermo Finnigan Surveyor liquid chromatograph pump equipped with a Thermo Finnigan Photodiode Array Detector and an ion trap LCQ Advantage mass spectrometer (Thermo Finnigan LLC, San Jose, CA, USA).
5
Analytical Characterization of Nitazene Compounds
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Isotonitazene, metonitazene, etodesnitazene, metodesnitazene, 4′-hydroxyl-nitazene, N-deethyl-Isotonitazene, and 5-amino-Isotonitazene were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Harbor, MI, USA) and solubilized in methanol. Diclofenac was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and solubilized in methanol. Standard solutions were stored at -20 °C prior to analysis.
LC-MS grade water, acetonitrile, and methanol were obtained from Carlo Erba (Cornaredo, Italy), and LC-MS grade formic acid was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Reagent grade ammonium acetate from Levanchimica (Bari, Italy) and LC grade acetic acid from Sigma Aldrich were used to prepare 10 mol/L ammonium acetate, pH 4.5. β-Glucuronidase (100,000-200,000 units/mL) from limpets (Patella vulgata L.) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
Thawing medium and cryopreserved 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes were purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). l-Glutamine, HEPES (2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid), and Williams' medium E were bought from Sigma Aldrich. l-Glutamine and HEPES were dissolved in Williams' medium E to 2 and 20 mmol/L, respectively; the supplemented medium (sWME) was prepared extemporaneously.
LC-MS grade water, acetonitrile, and methanol were obtained from Carlo Erba (Cornaredo, Italy), and LC-MS grade formic acid was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Reagent grade ammonium acetate from Levanchimica (Bari, Italy) and LC grade acetic acid from Sigma Aldrich were used to prepare 10 mol/L ammonium acetate, pH 4.5. β-Glucuronidase (100,000-200,000 units/mL) from limpets (Patella vulgata L.) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
Thawing medium and cryopreserved 10-donor-pooled human hepatocytes were purchased from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland). l-Glutamine, HEPES (2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid), and Williams' medium E were bought from Sigma Aldrich. l-Glutamine and HEPES were dissolved in Williams' medium E to 2 and 20 mmol/L, respectively; the supplemented medium (sWME) was prepared extemporaneously.
6
Diclofenac Sodium Transdermal Formulation
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An ethoxylated non-ionic surfactant, Cremophor® RH40 (Polyoxyl-40 hydrogenated castor oil) from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany) was used. Miglyol® 812, a mixture of neutral esters of saturated coconut and palm kernel oilderived caprylic and capric fatty acids and glycerin or propylene glycol, from Fagron Ibérica S.A.V. (Barcelona, Spain) was used as oil component. Water was deionized by MilliQ® filtration. Diclofenac sodium (DS) was purchased from Aarti Drugs Ltd. (Mumbai, India). A hydrophilic cellulose tubular membrane Cellu Sep® T3 with a nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 12000-14000 Da, from Orange Scientific (Braine l'Alleud, Belgium) was used in the release studies. A lipophilic membrane, Strat-M®, from Millipore (Billerica, USA) was used in the in vitro permeation studies through synthetic membranes. Dermatomed human skin (0.4 mm), from Biopredic International (Saint-Grégoire, France) was used in the ex vivo permeation studies. The analytical products used for HPLC analysis were: citric acid, purchased from Acofarma (Barcelona, Spain), NaCl and NaOH, purchased from Fagron Iberica S.A.V (Barcelona, Spain) and acetonitrile, purchased from Carlo Erba (Barcelona, Spain).
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