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Hydroxyproline assay

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The Hydroxyproline Assay is a colorimetric assay used to quantify the amount of hydroxyproline, an amino acid found in collagen. The assay involves the oxidation of hydroxyproline to a chromophore, which is then measured spectrophotometrically. This provides a direct measurement of the hydroxyproline content in a sample, which can be used to estimate the collagen content.

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18 protocols using hydroxyproline assay

1

Quantifying Collagen Composition in Aortic Tissue

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Snap frozen aortic samples from control and RhoA cKO mice were pulverized and washed once with PBS for 30 min at 4 ˚C. An aliquot of the sample was transferred into a new tube without pepsin digestion to determine the total collagen content for evaluating collagen synthesis. After centrifugation at 16,000 × g for 30 min at 4 ˚C, the precipitated samples were digested in 0.5 mol/L of acetic acid containing 1 mg/mL of pepsin for 16 h at 4 ˚C with gentle rotation. The undigested samples were assembled by centrifugation at 16,000 × g for 30 min at 4 ˚C, and were collected as cross-linked collagen. The supernatant was collected as non-cross-linked collagen, and was subsequently precipitated in 2 mol/L of NaCl for 30 min, followed by centrifugation at 16,000 × g for 30 min at 4 ˚C. Total, cross-linked and non-cross-linked collagens were quantified by the hydroxyproline assay53 (link), which were performed using the kit (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Results are reported as micrograms of hydroxyproline per milligram of wet tissue weight.
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2

Measuring Lung Collagen Levels

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To test the level of collagen in the mouse lungs, the right lungs were used for hydroxyproline assay (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s procedure. Briefly, the right lungs were homogenized in PBS and hydrolyzed in 6 N HCl at 120 °C overnight. Diluted samples were incubated with 4-(dimethylamino) benzaldehyde (DMAB) for 90 min at 60 °C, and the oxidized hydroxyproline was determined at the absorbance of 560 nm.
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3

Quantifying Elastin and Collagen in Porcine Lung Tissue

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Both elastin and collagen quantification were completed using a protocol from Long and Tranquillo.42 (link) Collagen quantification was performed using a hydroxyproline assay. Elastin quantification was performed using the ninhydrin assay. Briefly, 50 mg samples were taken from both intact and decellularized porcine lung tissue and solubilized in 0.1M NaOH at 98°C for 45 min. Samples were then centrifuged (3000 g, 10 min), and the soluble proteins in the supernatant were removed, frozen, and lyophilized. Both the remaining insoluble elastin pellet and the lyophilized soluble proteins from the supernatant were hydrolyzed for 24 h in 6M HCl at 110°C. These hydrolyzed solutions were lyophilized and then diluted in 2 mL of DI water. The insoluble elastin samples were quantified using a ninhydrin assay and the collagen from the soluble protein samples was quantified using a hydroxyproline assay (Sigma).
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4

Measuring Liver Collagen Content

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10mg of normal and decellularized 3% Triton and 0.1% Triton liver samples were hydrolyzed with 6N HCL at 120C for 3h. Hydroxyproline content was then measured using a hydroxyproline assay (Sigma, St-Louis, MO) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The collagen content was calculated indirectly through measurement of Hydroxyproline content according to Jamall et al. (1981) (link). The results were normalized to the wet weight of normal liver.
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5

Lung Hydroxyproline Quantification

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Hydroxyproline content was measured using a Hydroxyproline assay (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s protocol and expressed as micrograms per lung.
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6

Quantifying Lung Collagen Content

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To estimate amount of collagen in the lung, the right lungs were used for a hydroxyproline assay (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, the lungs were weighed, homogenized in sterile water and hydrolyzed in 12N HCl at 120°C for 3 h. The hydrolyzed samples were incubated with 4‐(Dimethylamino) benzaldehyde (DMAB) for 90 min at 60°C, and absorbance of oxidized hydroxyproline was determined at 560 nm. The amount of collagen was expressed in micrograms per milligram lung tissue.
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7

Quantifying Atrial Fibrosis via Collagen Staining

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Interstitial collagen was assessed using picrosirius red (collagen) and fast green (myocardium) staining of paraffin embedded sections (3 μm) through the right and left atria. The level of fibrosis was quantified using ImageJ software as previously described23 (link)24 (link). Total collagen content was measured using a hydroxyproline assay (Sigma-Aldrich) according to kit instructions. These assays were performed using the right and left atrial appendages.
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8

Liver Fibrosis Induction and Magnetic Particle Imaging

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Prior to the in vivo fibrosis experiment, animals were randomized between experimental groups; blinding was not necessary. Four-week-old C57 male mice were treated with CCl4 (1 µl per g (body weight), 1:4 dilution with mineral oil, n = 7) or with mineral oil alone (1 µl per g (body weight), n = 4) via intraperitoneal injection two times per week for 4 weeks50 (link),51 (link). After 4 weeks, the ROIs were positioned in the liver tissue using B-mode and Doppler imaging. MMUS imaging was performed before and 5 min after injection with the magnetic field on. MGVs (2,280 pM) were injected intravenously via the tail vein in the normal and fibrosis model groups. After MMUS imaging, livers were harvested. Fresh tissue was homogenized and used for a hydroxyproline assay (Sigma-Aldrich). Other parts of the tissue were fixed for 24 h in 10% formalin and then submerged in 70% ethanol for storage. Next, the fixed tissue was embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with H&E and Sirius red (Abcam). The images were examined under a laser scanning confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM880, Jena, Germany) and analysed using Zen v.3.0 (Zeiss).
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9

Quantifying Hydrogel Cell Density and Collagen

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Before digestion of hydrogels, each construct was weighed, and excess water was removed by using weighing paper. PBE buffer was prepared by weighing out 7.1 g Na2HPO4 and 1.86 g Na2EDTA in 500 mL of ddH2O and pH corrected to 6.5. The solution was sterile-filtered with a 0.22 um filter before use. Constructs were digested and homogenized in a papainase solution composed of 1.67 mg per mL of L-Cysteine (Sigma-Aldrich), PBE buffer, and 0.5% v/v papain (Sigma-Aldrich). Samples were incubated in this solution for 15–18 hours at 60°C. Samples were then frozen at −20°C until analysis. The cell density in each construct was quantified using the Quant-iT™ PicoGreen® assay following manufacturer’s instructions.
To determine collagen content, samples were first homogenized in ultra-pure water and then equal volume of 10N HCl was added to a glass PTFE-lined vial. Samples were hydrolyzed for 3 hours at 120°C. Once cooled, 5 mg of activated charcoal was added to samples. The supernatant was recovered by centrifugation. Samples were stored at −20°C until analysis. Using the manufacturer’s instruction for the hydroxyproline assay (Sigma-Aldrich), samples were mixed with Chloramine T/Oxidation buffer and diluted DMAB reagent. Samples were incubated in these two components for 90 minutes at 60°C before absorbance was recorded at 560 nm. Data was normalized to wet weight of hydrogel.
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10

Quantification of Extracellular Matrix Components

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Samples were lyophilized, weighed, and digested overnight at 60°C in 0.125 U/ml papain from papaya latex (Sigma-Aldrich). GAG, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and collagen contents were measured using the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay, the PicoGreen® dsDNA Quantitation Assay (Life Technologies), and the hydroxyproline assay (Sigma-Aldrich), respectively. For the hydroxyproline assay, we used a hydroxyproline:collagen ratio of 1:7.64 [44 (link)]. Biochemical content was normalized by pre-decellularization sample wet weight (WW) or post-decellularization sample dry weight (DW).
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