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10 protocols using piceatannol

1

Osteoclast Differentiation Modulation

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from GIBCO (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA). The M-CSF and RANKL were obtained from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The cell counting kit-8 was obtained from Phygene (Fuzhou, China). The caspase-3 activity assay kit and Hoechst 33258 were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). TRAP stain kit was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). RAW264.7 cells were obtained from Procell (Wuhan, China). Piceatannol (PIC) was acquired from Selleck Chemicals (USA) and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then diluted to the required working concentrations in complete culture medium. All antibodies used in this study were obtained from Cell Signalling Technology (Danvers, MA).
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2

Yeast α-Glucosidase Enzymatic Assay

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α-Glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC 3.2.1.20, 50.3 U mg−1), 4-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid (pNPG), and acarbose were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St, Louis, USA). p-Nitrophenol (pNP) was purchased from Aladdin Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Piceatannol was purchased from Selleck Chemicals (USA). All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade, and their aqueous solutions were prepared with freshly ultrapure water.
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3

Piceatannol Inhibits Schistosoma japonicum Reproduction

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Piceatannol (3, 4, 39, 59-tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene; Selleck Chemicals, Shanghai, China) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In each experimental group, 15 adult couples of S. japonicum were cultured in 3 ml of medium and treated with one of three different concentrations of Piceatannol (35 mM, 70 mM, or 100 mM). The medium with inhibitor was changed every 24 h for 7 days. During this time, the viability of parasites, worm pairing, and the number of eggs in the culture medium were recorded. For the morphological analysis, Schistosoma worm pairs were fixed in a solution of alcohol (95%), formalin (3%), and glacial acetic acid (2%) (AFA) for at least 24 h. Parasites were stained in hydrochloric acid-carmine dye (Ourchem, Shanghai, China) for 17 h, and then destained in acidic 70% ethanol. The parasites were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series (70%, 90% and 100%). Parasites were cleared in 50% xylene diluted in ethanol and 100% xylene for 1 min each, and then mounted onto slides with neutral gum, sealed with cover glass, and laid flat to dry. The morphology of the reproductive organs of parasites was observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, Leica TCS SP5, Mannheim, Germany) using an emission wavelength of 488 nm and a scan excitation of 30%. Images were captured and stored at 1024 × 1024 pixels.
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4

Comprehensive Chemical Reagents for Cellular Studies

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Resveratrol, piceatannol, resminostat, entinostat, mocetinostat, vorinostat, curcumin, garcinol, anacardic acid and Tip60i were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). MB-3 and BMS-345541 were purchased from MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA). Pterostilbene and myricetin were from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA) and trimethoxy-Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trimethoxystilbene) was from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Stock solutions of the chemicals were prepared based on the information provided by the manufacturer and maintained at −20°C. The antibodies for human PD-L1 (E1L3N, 13684), p38 MAPK (D13E1, 8690), NF-κB p65 (D14E12, 8242), γH2AX (20E3, 9718), cleaved caspase 3 (D3E9, 9579), IRF-1 (D5E4, 8478) and rabbit IgG isotype monoclonal antibody (DA1E, 5742) conjugated to PE were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). c-Myc antibody (9E10, sc-40) was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum, RPMI-1640, DMEM, streptomycin and penicillin were from Gibco/Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade.
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5

Mouse Dendritic Cell Activation Assay

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Mouse bone marrow derived DCs were grown as previously described (Goodridge et al., 2009 (link)). DCs were stimulated overnight with PFA-fixed yeast (10 yeast/cell), PFA-fixed hyphae (same dry weight as yeast preparation), 3,6,15, 25, and 45 μm polystyrene beads (10, 2.5, 0.4, 0.144, 0.044 beads/cell respectively). For inhibitor studies, cells were treated with U-73122 (Cayman chemical), U0126 (Tocris Bioscience), SB203580(Invivogen) or piceatannol (Selleck Chemicals) 1 h prior to addition of stimuli.
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6

Mouse Dendritic Cell Activation Assay

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Mouse bone marrow derived DCs were grown as previously described (Goodridge et al., 2009 (link)). DCs were stimulated overnight with PFA-fixed yeast (10 yeast/cell), PFA-fixed hyphae (same dry weight as yeast preparation), 3,6,15, 25, and 45 μm polystyrene beads (10, 2.5, 0.4, 0.144, 0.044 beads/cell respectively). For inhibitor studies, cells were treated with U-73122 (Cayman chemical), U0126 (Tocris Bioscience), SB203580(Invivogen) or piceatannol (Selleck Chemicals) 1 h prior to addition of stimuli.
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7

Acupuncture for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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After successful model establishment, in the acupuncture group, Baihui (DU20) (specific location: head between the middle ears) and Qubin (GB7) (specific location: leading edge of ear root) points were identified (Li, 2007). Hair was cut around the Baihui (DU20) point, and a 0.30 × 25 mm acupuncture needle (Hua Tuo Brand; Suzhou Medical Appliance, Suzhou, China) used to pierce from the epicranial aponeurosis to the Qubin (GB7) point in the bottom right direction. The needle pierced to a depth of 15 mm, and was then rotated at 200 r/min for 5 minutes. For each 30-minute session, needling at 200 r/min was performed for three session, each lasting for 5 minutes.
In the sham and ICH groups, rats were fixed on the frame for 30 minutes without any operation.
In the piceatannol group, rats were intraperitoneally injected with piceatannol (34.62 mg/kg) (license No. 10083-24-6; Selleck, Shanghai, China) at 1 hour after model establishment.
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8

Inhibiting TREM1 and SYK in SAH

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As previously reported, TREM1 inhibitory peptide LP17 (LQVTDSGLYRCVIYHPP) was chemically synthesized from GenScript, China (9 (link), 25 (link)). To inhibit TREM1, vehicle or LP17 (1 mg/kg) dissolved in ultrapure water was administered intranasally 1 h post-modeling (9 (link)). Recombinant TREM-1 (GenScript, China) was intranasally administered at 1 h after SAH at the dosage of 3 μg/mouse (9 (link)). To inhibit SYK, mice were injected intraperitoneally with piceatannol (20 mg/kg, Selleck, USA) 1 h post-modeling (34 (link)).
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9

THCE Cells: Culturing and Characterization

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The THCE cells were kindly given by Xiamen eye center. Delbeccon’s modified Eagle’s medium(DMEM), Fetal Bovine Serum(FBS) and 0.25 % trypsin/0.03 % EDTA solution were purchased from Gibco (San Diego, California, USA); Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China); Sabouroud medium was purchased from Babio biotech (Jinan, China); RNAiso Plus and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kits and SYBR® Premix Ex Taq™ (Tli RNaseH Plus) were purchased from TaKaRa (Dalian, China); Primary antibodies against phospho-Syk and Syk came from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). A mouse antibody against GAPDH, Bicinchoninic Acid Assay, ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagent were from Beyotime (Shanghai, China); The secondary antibodies were from Cwbiotech (Beijing, China); Syk inhibitors, PRT062607 and Piceatannol, were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, USA); Phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride (PMSF) and radio immunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China).
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10

Phagocytosis of Aged Red Blood Cells

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BMDMs were grown in 20% L929-conditioned media for 7 days and then were replated at a density of 2 × 106 cells per well. BMDMs were stimulated overnight with zymosan (10 μg/ml) and LPS (10 ng/ml). RBCs were collected in an EDTA-coated tube, labeled with CFSE, and aged in Hepes buffer [10 mM Hepes, 140 mM NaCl, and 0.1% BSA (pH 7.4)] containing calcium (2.5 mM) and Ca2+ ionophore (0.5 μM, A23187). RBCs were aged for 16 hours at 37°C. BMDMs were washed twice with PBS before aged RBCs were added at a concentration of 3 × 107 cells/ml (52 (link)). BMDMs were incubated with either 20 μM LY294002 (S1105, Selleckchem) or 100 μM piceatannol (S3026, Selleckchem) for 1 hour before the addition of aged RBCs. BMDMs were incubated with RBCs at 37°C for 1 hour and were then washed twice with PBS. BMDMs were harvested, and phagocytosis was assessed by flow cytometry. For in vitro phagocytosis assays using primary phagocytes, splenocytes were isolated and rested for 4 hours to allow cells to adhere. Cells were incubated with 30 μM JSH-23 (S7351, Selleckchem) for 4 hours while resting. Primary cells were then incubated with aged RBCs for 3 hours, and RNA was isolated.
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